1. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project Veneto Region/CORILA Elena Gissi, PhD, Assistant Professor, Iuav University of Venice/CORILA, egissi@iuav.it Venice, 8thof November, 2012

2. Transnational strategy - CONTENTS 1.The Transnational Strategy: What is about? 2.General approach: mandate 3.The role of stakeholders; 4.Science and Policy – APICE perspective 5.Targets of emissions reduction; 6.Methodology of planning cycle (data and measures; scenarios; time perspective) 7.Measures’ Assessment (criteria and participation); 8.Results (measures) – comparison between Partners: Ship emissions Cargo handling and Diesel equipment Road traffic and rail traffic Coordination, Inventorying, Coordinating and Communicating 8. Conclusions Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project

3. 1. The Transnational Strategy: What is about? Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project

4. 1. The Transnational Strategy: What is about? The Transnational Strategy is the result of bottom up process, that have taken place in the 5 Port-Cities. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project

5. 1. The Transnational Strategy: What is about? Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project The Transnational Strategy is the result of bottom up process, that have taken place in the 5 Port-Cities. The contents arise from the comparison of the discussions of APICE Partners with local stakeholders in each Port City Decision makers and main Port actors were involved to address air quality and to find out a paths for pollution mitigation with innovative solutions

6. 2. General approach Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project

7. 2. General approach to the discussion Approach Sustainable development of port activities towards win-win strategies, respectful of the environment and human health Mandate - General target _ to pursue EU requirements for coasts and seas sustainable management, as required by the Maritime Strategy Framework Directive (2008/56/EC) and recommended by the Integrated Coastal Zone Management (2002) _ to define a common Mediterranean strategy for the mitigation of Port, Industries and Cities Emissions, which can be used to upgrade Protocol of Pollution (under the framework of Barcelona Convention, 2006) _to achieve International and European emissions reduction targets – to find rapid answers, where legal innovation and changes are slow Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project

8. 8 3. The role of stakeholders (1/2) Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project

9. 9 Stakeholders Actions/measures 3. The role of stakeholders (1/2) Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project

10. 10 Stakeholders Enforceability Actions/measures Norms-rules 3. The role of stakeholders (1/2) Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project

11. 11 Stakeholders Enforceability Implementability Actions/measures Norms-rules Role-commitment 3. The role of stakeholders (1/2) Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project

12. 12 Stakeholders Enforceability Implementability Actions/measures Norms-rules Role-commitment Costs 3. The role of stakeholders (1/2) Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project

13. 13 Stakeholders groups Group 1. Stakeholders in charge of taking public decisions, as Local Authorities (Municipal, Provincial and Regional ones), Port Autorities, Authorities and Government in charge of Air Quality and Planning (regional or provincial), Environmental Agencies Group 2. Stakeholders in charge of operating in coastal areas – in charge of private preferences/decisions, as Shipping operators, Port Traders, Trade Associations,etc. Group 3. General Public / local communities, as Associations, Citizens, Universities, Research and Study Centers, etc. Level of InteractionType of Interaction Co-operatingInteractive activities (working tables, technical exchange etc) Co-thinkingSurveys, working tables, presentations, Press conferences, interviews Co-knowingBrochures, articles, Website, e-newsletter Several stakeholders were involved in APICE activities, with the participation of main stakeholders, through working tables, technical exchanges and interviews... 3. The role of stakeholders (2/2) Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project

14. BRIDGING THE GAP TOWARDS INFORMED POLICIES To support a durable dialogue between bodies in charge of air quality monitoring and modelling with the stakeholders involved in decision making process 4. Science and Policy Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project

15. BRIDGING THE GAP TOWARDS INFORMED POLICIES To support a durable dialogue between bodies in charge of air quality monitoring and modelling with the stakeholders involved in decision making process 4. Science and Policy Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project

16. BRIDGING THE GAP TOWARDS INFORMED POLICIES To support a durable dialogue between bodies in charge of air quality monitoring and modelling with the stakeholders involved in decision making process Communication 4. Science and Policy Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project

17. Top-down approach (Marseilles): targets of emissions reduction established a-priori according to Directives and Documents at National and Regional level Bottom-up approach (Barcelona, Venice, Genova): Assessment of mitigation potential through, starting from potential mitigation of a mix of several actions; assessment of concentrations reduction through modelling. 5. Targets of emissions reduction Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project

18. 5. Targets of emissions reduction International, National, Regional targets on concentrations and emissions Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project Top-down approach (Marseilles): targets of emissions reduction established a-priori according to Directives and Documents at National and Regional level Bottom-up approach (Barcelona, Venice, Genova): Assessment of mitigation potential through, starting from potential mitigation of a mix of several actions; assessment of concentrations reduction through modelling.

19. Source Specific Performance Standards 5. Targets of emissions reduction International, National, Regional targets on concentrations and emissions Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project Top-down approach (Marseilles): targets of emissions reduction established a-priori according to Directives and Documents at National and Regional level Bottom-up approach (Barcelona, Venice, Genova): Assessment of mitigation potential through, starting from potential mitigation of a mix of several actions; assessment of concentrations reduction through modelling.

20. Project/theme/activity Specific Standards and goals Source Specific Performance Standards 5. Targets of emissions reduction International, National, Regional targets on concentrations and emissions Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project Top-down approach (Marseilles): targets of emissions reduction established a-priori according to Directives and Documents at National and Regional level Bottom-up approach (Barcelona, Venice, Genova): Assessment of mitigation potential through, starting from potential mitigation of a mix of several actions; assessment of concentrations reduction through modelling.

21. CASE STUDY AREA EMISSIONS REDUCTION GOALS Project/theme/activity Specific Standards and goals Source Specific Performance Standards 5. Targets of emissions reduction International, National, Regional targets on concentrations and emissions Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project Top-down approach (Marseilles): targets of emissions reduction established a-priori according to Directives and Documents at National and Regional level Bottom-up approach (Barcelona, Venice, Genova): Assessment of mitigation potential through, starting from potential mitigation of a mix of several actions; assessment of concentrations reduction through modelling.

22. _ Time projections of targets achievement _ Feasibility of targets achievement with the measures put in place (tracking methods) CASE STUDY AREA EMISSIONS REDUCTION GOALS Project/theme/activity Specific Standards and goals Source Specific Performance Standards 5. Targets of emissions reduction International, National, Regional targets on concentrations and emissions APICE Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project Top-down approach (Marseilles): targets of emissions reduction established a-priori according to Directives and Documents at National and Regional level Bottom-up approach (Barcelona, Venice, Genova): Assessment of mitigation potential through, starting from potential mitigation of a mix of several actions; assessment of concentrations reduction through modelling.

23. Aim: to coniugate monitoring, measuring, modelling and decision making by sharing data and information on activities. 6. APICE Methodology: the Planning Cycle Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project

24. Concentrations Scenarios _Activities _Location _Timing _Stakeholders involved Emissions Strategies and Measures INVENTORYING 6. APICE Methodology: the Planning Cycle Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project Aim: to coniugate monitoring, measuring, modelling and decision making by sharing data and information on activities.

25. Concentrations Scenarios _Activities _Location _Timing _Stakeholders involved Emissions Strategies and Measures INVENTORYING 6. APICE Methodology: the Planning Cycle Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project Aim: to coniugate monitoring, measuring, modelling and decision making by sharing data and information on activities.

26. Atmospheric Model Concentrations Scenarios _Activities _Location _Timing _Stakeholders involved Emissions Strategies and Measures INVENTORYING MONITORING 6. APICE Methodology: the Planning Cycle Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project Aim: to coniugate monitoring, measuring, modelling and decision making by sharing data and information on activities.

27. Atmospheric Model Concentrations Scenarios _Activities _Location _Timing _Stakeholders involved Emissions Strategies and Measures INVENTORYING MONITORING Time Perspective for modelling Barcelona  2015 Venice  2020 Genova  2020 Thessaloniki  2020 Marseilles  2025 6. APICE Methodology: the Planning Cycle Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project Aim: to coniugate monitoring, measuring, modelling and decision making by sharing data and information on activities.

28. Measures cat. 1: Ship emissions Strategy for each Case Study area Measures cat. 2: Diesel Powered equipment Measures cat. 3: Cargo handling equipment Measures cat. 4: Rail emissions Measures cat. 5: Diesel road vehicles Measures cat. 7: Inventoring, Monitoring, Communicating Measures cat. 6: Solid Bulks 7. Towards local adaptation plans Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project

29. Action no 1.1 Action no 1.2... Action no 1.n Cluster of stakeholders no. 1.1 Cluster of stakeholders no. 1.2... Cluster of stakeholders no. 1.n Measures cat. 1: Ship emissions Strategy for each Case Study area 7. Towards local adaptation plans Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project

30. Action no 1.1 Action no 1.2... Action no 1.n Cluster of stakeholders no. 1.1 Cluster of stakeholders no. 1.2... Cluster of stakeholders no. 1.n Roadmap for Local Adaptation Plan Measures cat. 1: Ship emissions LOCAL ASSESSMENT Strategy for each Case Study area 7. Towards local adaptation plans Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project

31. Criteria on which actions/measures were assessed per each case study area RANKINGCRITERIAWEIGHT 1 Cost-effectiveness 9,28 2 Implementability 9,00 3 Emissions reduction potential 8,67 4 Technical feasibility 8,39 5 Costs 8,22 6 Enforceability 8,17 7 Co-benefits 8,00 8 Potential funding opportunities 8,00 9 Measureable results 7,22 10 Timeframe 5,50 Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 7. Towards local adaptation plans – Local assessment

32. RANKINGCRITERIAWEIGHT 1 Cost-effectiveness 9,28 2 Implementability 9,00 3 Emissions reduction potential 8,67 4 Technical feasibility 8,39 5 Costs 8,22 6 Enforceability 8,17 7 Co-benefits 8,00 8 Potential funding opportunities 8,00 9 Measureable results 7,22 10 Timeframe 5,50 To evaluate the feasibility of actions, between environmental aspects and economic aspects. Criteria assessment through Delphi Method, which relies on a panel of experts to assign weights and priorities, opportunities and threats of each criterion. 18 participants, from experts and stakeholders of the 5 port-cities Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project Criteria on which actions/measures were assessed per each case study area 7. Towards local adaptation plans – Local assessment

33. Measures cat. 1: Ship emissions Measures cat. 2: Diesel Powered equipment Measures cat. 3: Cargo handling equipment Measures cat. 4: Rail emissions Measures cat. 5: Diesel road vehicles Roadmap for Local Adaptation Plan Measures cat. 7: Inventoring, Monitoring, Communicating LOCAL ASSESSMENT Strategy for each Case Study area 7. Towards local adaptation plans Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project Measures cat. 6: Solid Bulks

34. 8. Local assessment Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project Criteria on which actions/measures were assessed per each case study area

35. 8. Local assessment Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project Criteria on which actions/measures were assessed per each case study area

36. 8. Local assessment Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project Criteria on which actions/measures were assessed per each case study area

37. 8. Local assessment Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project Criteria on which actions/measures were assessed per each case study area

38. Implementability/Enforceability a. Regulatory actions, as rules, by-laws, upgrading of international, national or local normative frameworks; b. Non-regulatory actions, some examples: implementation of operational protocols with respect to activities, shared by stakeholders; partnerships and incentive/defiscalization programs; re-discussion of port requirements with respect to contracts, leases, agreements, etc. Types of Actions – on engines 1.Technological strategies (Retrofit, Repower, Refuel, Repair/Rebuild, Replace, Improving Fuel Efficiency) 2.Operational strategies (Trucking: Reduced overnight idling, Reduced pick-up/drop-off idling, Port access improvements, Reduced highway speeds, Arterial signal synchronization, Driver training, Reduced empty mileage, etc; Marine: Cold ironing (electrification), Reduced port equipment idling, Reduced hotelling time, Reduced vessel speeds, Use of more efficient ships, etc 8. Local assessment Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project Criteria on which actions/measures were assessed per each case study area

39. Emerging points – the need for a Mediterranean Port-Cities Network Relation between each case study area and the International legal framework  need to create a network of local stakeholders to interact with EU and International Stakeholders Relation between each case study area and the main economic actors, which are International  need to create a network of local stakeholders to interact with International Economic Actors Relation between each case study area and its local conditions  need to reflect on the territorialization of targets and standards on local conditions 9. Common Transnational Strategy - Results Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project

40. Similar context _EU Directives on Air Quality _International legislation on ships (MARPOL, Annex VI) _EU reccomandation on ICZM and Framework Directive on Marine Strategy _Trans-European Transport Networks TEN-T _EU Standards per vehicles categories (Directive 2001/116/EC) _Fuel markets – global markets 9. Common Transnational Strategy - Results Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project Local differences _Geographic, climate, topographic _Emissions (inventorying and monitoring) _Economic Situation, Trends and Scenarios of each Port Cities _Stakeholders involved, political agendas, capacity to involve key actors _State of the art in term of Air Quality Planning and Management _National, Regional and local legislation and planning framework

41. 9. Common Transnational Strategy - Results Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project Local differences _Geographic, climate, topographic _Emissions (inventorying and monitoring) _Economic Situation, Trends and Scenarios of each Port Cities _Stakeholders involved, political agendas, capacity to involve key actors _State of the art in term of Air Quality Planning and Management _National, Regional and local legislation and planning framework APICE Similar context _EU Directives on Air Quality _International legislation on ships (MARPOL, Annex VI) _EU reccomandation on ICZM and Framework Directive on Marine Strategy _Trans-European Transport Networks TEN-T _EU Standards per vehicles categories (Directive 2001/116/EC) _Fuel markets – global markets

42. Action 1.1: On-shore Power Supply (OPS) Action 1.2: Change fuel while manouvreing Action 1.3: Alternative fuel (LNG) Measure 2: Diesel powered equip- ment and Cargo handling equipment Action 2.1: Accelerated fleet turnover Action 2.2: Idle reduction programs Action 2.3: Alternative fuels Measure 1: Ship Emissions Action 3.1: Improvement of road system (to avoid congestion) Action 3.2: Environmental excellence certification for trucks Action 3.3: Mode switching - Alternative fuels (CNG, LNG, hybrid) Action 3.4: Idle reduction programs Measure 3: Road Traffic Action 4.1: Increase rail ratio through economic incentives Action 4.2: Improvement of rail system (access, avoid congestion) Action 4.3: Track electrification Measure 4: Rail Traffic Action 5.1: Monitoring and control (protocol or agreement between stakeholders, etc) Action 5.2: Port Air Quality Steering/Working Committee Action 5.3: Data Sharing: Inventoring Emissions and Monitoring concentrations as the base for planning Action 5.4: Communication strategy Measure 5: Inventorying, Monitor- ing, Coordinating, Communicating 10. Common Transnational Strategy – Measures Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project

43. Measure: SHIP EMISSIONS Action 1.1: On-shore Power Supply (OPS) Cities: All (Barcelona, Genova, Marseilles, Thessaloniki, Venice) 1.1 10. Common Transnational Strategy – Measures Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project Analysis -Marseilles: (1) scenario involved one terminal and ships in rotation between Marseille and Corsica Island of by Marseille Port Authority, AirPACA and CNM Company; -Venice: (1) OPS with energy production by Marghera power plant (by ENEL and Venice Port Authority); (2) OPS based on compact combined heat and power systems located in the vicinity of the docks (gas powered motors) (by VTP Engineering); (3) OPS through LNG Hybrid Barge (Hamburg Port case study). Observations Impacts at local scale in reducing potential impacts on highly urbanized areas. Local relevance of the emissions reduction, that might justify strong initial investments, as for the proximity to population. The emissions potential reduction with respect to the overall emissions inventory might be less relevant.

44. Measure: SHIP EMISSIONS Action 1.2: Change fuel while manouvreing Cities: All (Barcelona, Genova, Marseilles, Venice) 1.2 10. Common Transnational Strategy – Measures Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project Analysis -New limits in sulphure content by 2020 imposed by IMO and EU Directive under revision; -Port Autorities, Ship Companies and ship operators towards 2020 -Fuel availability in 2020 (revision in 2018 to update the schedule) under discussion -Retrofitting technologies as an alternative to the use of low sulphure fuels Observations Impacts in anticipating the entry into force and to discuss on implementability at local, Regional and International level Questions of Home Ports, about fuel availability and fuel price Importance in studying local impacts of the measure, affecting single engines, but whose effectiveness should be assessed with respect to local traffic and trends of economic development

45. Measure: SHIP EMISSIONS Action 1.3: Alternative fuel (LNG) Cities: All (Barcelona, Genova, Marseilles, Thessaloniki, Venice) 1.3 10. Common Transnational Strategy – Measures Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project Analysis -Barcelona: LNG implementation requires (i) International and National legislation for ships with LNG propulsion; (ii) infrastructure and logistics for LNG; (iii) network for LNG promotion in maritime transport. Observations Scenario characterized by contextual uncertainties, that should be faced by a work in network at International and local level, and by economic and institutional actors. Successful strategy on LNG if implemented in a Network of ports, that could be related to EU transport Strategies, as TEN-T network and Motorways of the Sea (proposal of Barcelona) and/or according to Home Ports for ships engaged in scheduled traffic with frequent and regular port calls. Reference: COSTA - 2011-EU-21007-S, TEN-T Multi-Annual Programme, LNG for Short Sea Shipping in the Mediterranean, Atlantic Ocean and Black Sea areas

46. Measure 2: Diesel powered equipment and Cargo handling equipment Action 2.1: Accelerated fleet turnover Action 2.2: Idle reduction programs Action 2.3: Alternative fuels Cities: Barcelona, Marseilles, Thessaloniki (not considered in Venice because of low contribution to emissions of the sectors) 2.x Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project Analysis Legal framework: non-road mobile machinery (NRMM) directives; Contribution of Port Equipment sectors – different situations in different Ports, according to local situations and data. Observations Enforceability: through programs to sustain EU standards requirements Voluntary actions and Port Decisions – different situations in different Ports, according to Local Programs, local decisions, and the re-discussion of Port requirements with respect to contracts, leases, agreements, etc. 10. Common Transnational Strategy – Measures

47. Measure: Road traffic Action 3.1: Improvement of road system (to avoid congestion) Action 3.2: Environmental excellence certification for trucks Action 3.3: Mode switching - Alternative fuels (CNG, LNG, hybrid) Action 3.4: Idle reduction programs Cities: Barcelona, Marseilles, Thessaloniki, Venice 3.x Analysis -Great impact in terms of emissions in all Ports; -Directive 2005/55/EC and 2005/78/EC on heavy-duty vehicles; «Intelligent transport systems - A smart move for Europe» Road transport and interfaces with other modes adopted by the 16/12/2008: (i) coordinate and accelerate deployment of ITS; (ii) make road transport more sustainable Observations Enforceability: through programs to sustain EU standards requirements Voluntary actions and the support by Public Policies – different situations in different countries, according to National Legislations and Programs, and local decisions Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 10. Common Transnational Strategy – Measures

48. Measure: Road traffic Action 3.1: Improvement of road system (to avoid congestion) Action 3.2: Environmental excellence certification for trucks Action 3.3: Mode switching - Alternative fuels (CNG, LNG, hybrid) Action 3.4: Idle reduction programs Cities: Barcelona, Marseilles, Thessaloniki, Venice 3.x Analysis -Great impact in terms of emissions in all Ports; -Directive 2005/55/EC and 2005/78/EC on heavy-duty vehicles; «Intelligent transport systems - A smart move for Europe» Road transport and interfaces with other modes adopted by the 16/12/2008: (i) coordinate and accelerate deployment of ITS; (ii) make road transport more sustainable Observations Enforceability: through programs to sustain EU standards requirements Voluntary actions and the support by Public Policies – different situations in different countries, according to National Legislations and Programs, and local decisions Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 10. Common Transnational Strategy – Measures Local Adaptation Plan for Marseilles Improvement of road traffic management 5.1 – Speed reduction over the Bouches-du-Rhône area after a first technical feasibility study – Regulatory action 5.2 – To insert the air problematic into the dynamic regulation of the road traffic for the highway between St Maximin and Aix en Provence – Regulatory To improve the performances of vehicles 8.0 - To set a target of 30% for the fleet turnover (private and public fleet > 50 vehicles) - Regulatory action

49. Measure: Rail traffic Action 4.1: Increase rail ratio through economic incentives Action 4.2: Improvement of rail system (access, avoid congestion) Action 4.3: Track electrification (Port infrastructure) Cities: Barcelona, Marseilles, Thessaloniki, Venice Analysis White paper titled ‘Roadmap to a single European transport area – towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system’ (COM(2011) 144 final): (among others) (i) developing a true internal market for rail services (ii) multimodal transport of goods (e-freight); Observations National Policies on rail freight, to answer to European Policy, orient the implementation of rail infrastructures and transport ratio, with strong impacts at local level, where Ports and local Authorities can operate for their part. Wide convergence of stakeholders and economic actors on the conversion to rail mode 4.x Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 10. Common Transnational Strategy – Measures

50. Measure: Rail traffic Action 4.1: Increase rail ratio through economic incentives Action 4.2: Improvement of rail system (access, avoid congestion) Action 4.3: Track electrification (Port infrastructure) Cities: Barcelona, Marseilles, Thessaloniki, Venice Analysis White paper titled ‘Roadmap to a single European transport area – towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system’ (COM(2011) 144 final): (among others) (i) developing a true internal market for rail services (ii) multimodal transport of goods (e-freight); Observations National Policies on rail freight, to answer to European Policy, orient the implementation of rail infrastructures and transport ratio, with strong impacts at local level, where Ports and local Authorities can operate for their part. Wide convergence of stakeholders and economic actors on the conversion to rail mode 4.x Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project Source: Eurostat, 2011 10. Common Transnational Strategy – Measures

51. Measure: Rail traffic Action 4.1: Increase rail ratio through economic incentives Action 4.2: Improvement of rail system (access, avoid congestion) Action 4.3: Track electrification (Port infrastructure) Cities: Barcelona, Marseilles, Thessaloniki, Venice Analysis White paper titled ‘Roadmap to a single European transport area – towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system’ (COM(2011) 144 final): (among others) (i) developing a true internal market for rail services (ii) multimodal transport of goods (e-freight); Observations National Policies on rail freight, to answer to European Policy, orient the implementation of rail infrastructures and transport ratio, with strong impacts at local level, where Ports and local Authorities can operate for their part. Convergence of stakeholders and economic actors on the conversion to rail mode 4.x Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project Source: Eurostat, 2011

52. Measure: Inventorying, Monitoring, Coordinating, Communicating Action 5.1: Monitoring and control (protocol or agreement between stakeholders, etc) Action 5.2: Port Air Quality Steering/Working Committee Action 5.3: Data Sharing: Inventorying Emissions and Monitoring concentrations as the base for planning Action 5.4: Communication strategy Cities: All (Barcelona, Genova, Marseilles, Thessaloniki, Venezia) 5.x Analysis Stakeholders involved in each Port City, and Main Actors (Port Authorities, Local Administrations, Economic Actors) involved Observations Stakeholders participation is crucial (i) to find innovative solutions between Enforceability and Implementability; (ii) for data sharing and update emissions invetories, as to connect Policy and Science Strategic action to support decision making process not per Sectors (air quality management, economic policies, urban policies, etc) but through integration. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 10. Common Transnational Strategy – Measures

53. -5 Port-Cities share a common approach to air quality to investigate a robust methodology to link monitoring-inventorying and planning; -It is important to put in relationship the analysis of Port Cities emissions in an integrated way, from local to regional dimension; -Involvement of the stakeholders on topics which will have common impacts on Port-Cities, and which local communities alone might be not able to face; -Special attention to the Mediterranean Sea, as to implement an approach through the cooperation and dialogue of Port-Cities and major Economic Actors Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 11. Common Transnational Strategy – Conclusions

54. -5 Port-Cities share a common approach to air quality to investigate a robust methodology to link monitoring-inventorying and planning; -It is important to put in relationship the analysis of Port Cities emissions in an integrated way, from local to regional dimension; -Involvement of the stakeholders on topics which will have common impacts on Port-Cities, and which local communities alone might be not able to face; -Special attention to the Mediterranean Sea, as to implement an approach through the cooperation and dialogue of Port-Cities and major Economic Actors  Emission Contral Area of the Mediterranean 11. Common Transnational Strategy – Conclusions Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project

55. -5 Port-Cities share a common approach to air quality to investigate a robust methodology to link monitoring-inventorying and planning; -It is important to put in relationship the analysis of Port Cities emissions in an integrated way, from local to regional dimension; -Involvement of the stakeholders on topics which will have common impacts on Port-Cities, and which local communities alone might be not able to face; -Special attention to the Mediterranean Sea, as to implement an approach through the cooperation and dialogue of Port-Cities and major Economic Actors  Emission Contral Area of the Mediterranean 11. Common Transnational Strategy – Conclusions Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project Still controvertial, need for a wide discussion at international European and Non European level, as to position the Mediterranean Sea in the context of Global maritime routes. Enforceability through IMO decision

56. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project Regione Veneto - CORILA Elena Gissi, PhD, Assistant Professor, Iuav University of Venice, egissi@iuav.it egissi@iuav.it 8th November 2012