1. Psychological Disorders
Classification of
Psychological Disorders
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2. The Medical Model
Proposes that it is useful to think of abnormal behavior as a disease
Brings improvement to the treatment process
Patients are viewed with more sympathy
Less ostracized & feared

3. What Does it Mean to be “Abnormal”?
First, can you define normal?
3 Criteria
1. Deviance
Behavior not accepted by society
2. Maladaptive Behavior
Impairment of every- day adaptive behavior
3. Personal Distress
Depression, anxiety or feelings of hopelessness

4. Psychodiagnosis Classification of Disorders 1952 – APA unveils the DSM
(Diagnostic & Statistical
Manual)
1980 – DSM III introduces multiaxial system of classification
1994 – DSM – IV (current version) released
Identifies 3 times as many disorders as the 1st edition

5. The Future? DSM 5 - will be released in May 2013 Major Changes
Mental Retardation = Intellectual disability
Substance-Abuse = Addiction & Related Disorders
Behavior Addictions – gambling, Internet (maybe)
Aspergers’s is officially added to Autism Spectrum
Addition of Hypersexual Disorder, Binge-Eating Disorder, Hoarding Disorder & PMDD
Dimensional Assessments
Many revisions for Personality Disorders
New Suicide Assessment Tool

6. Multiaxial System of Classification Diagnosis takes place on Axis I & II ONLY!
Axis I – Clinical Syndromes
Infancy, Childhood & Adolescence Disorders
Organic Mental Disorders
Substance-Related Disorders
Schizophrenia & other psychotic disorders
Mood Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
Somatoform Disorders
Dissociative Disorders
Sexual & Gender-Identity Disorders
Eating Disorders

7. Axis II - Personality Disorders & Mental Retardation
life-long problems accompanied by considerable social stigma
suffered by people who often fail to adapt well to society
Axis III – General Medical Conditions
is for reporting current general medical conditions that are potentially relevant to the understanding or management of the individual's mental disorder.
Axis IV – Psychosocial & Environmental Problems
for reporting psychosocial and environmental problems that may affect the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of mental disorders
A psycho­social, an environmental difficulty or deficiency, a familial or other interpersonal stress, an inadequacy of social support or personal resources

8. Axis V Global Assessment of Functioning Scale
reporting the clinician’s judgment of the individual’s overall level of functioning.
information is useful in planning treatment and measuring its impact, and in predicting outcome
Scores range from 1 (persistent danger of severely hurting self or others) to 100 (superior functioning in a wide range of activities).

9. Other Important Information
Epidemiology
the study of the distribution and patterns of health-events, health-characteristics and their causes or influences in well-defined populations.
Prevalence
The breakdown & percentage of a disease/disorder within a population
Gender
Age
Ethnicity
Geographic borders