2. US At 1900 I.Intro II.African Americans A.Economics B.Segregation III.General Working & Living Conditions A.In General… B.Women & Children C.Immigrants D.Advertising IV.Spanish-American War Why & Results Key Terms Sharecropping Crop-Lein Plessy vs. Ferguson Jim Crow Homestead, PA New Immigrants Yellow Press The Maine

3. Life Expectancy White Male 2001: 74 1900: 46 Black Male 2001: 68 1900: 32 Source: Center for Disease Control & Prevention http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/tables/2003/03hus027.pdf

4. Economics: Sharecropping In deep South much of the land was sharecropped. Landowners subdivided plantations into 50 acre plots. Sharecroppers handed over 50% of their crop as “rent.”

5. Economics: Crop-Lein Merchants advanced sharecroppers supplies on credit. Items: seed, tools, livestock, furniture, etc… Interest rates: often 50% or more.

6. Results of Sharecropping & Crop-Lein Created a cycle of indebtedness Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. In 1900 75% of Southern blacks sharecropped 36% of Southern whites sharecropped Store Owner’s Record Book of Sharecropper’s Debts

7. Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896) Separate facilities for different races were legal as long as they were equal in quality. “Separate but equal” doctrine. Railroads in Louisiana were segregated by law.

8. Jim Crow Laws State and local laws that established legalized segregation all over the United States.

9. White Supremacist Organizations Mississippi Klansman (1871) The White League Ku Klux Klan Meeting Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

10. Violence Accused of killing a white girl (age 16). He was burned alive by a mob. No one was prosecuted for his murder. 1913

11. Skilled vs. Unskilled Wages (ca. 1870s) Bricklayer (Skilled): –$3.00/day General Laborer (Unskilled): –$1.30/day Southern Mill Worker (Unskilled): –$.84/day Manufacturing Iron Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

12. Manufacturing Plants Periodic layoffs were common Dangerous working conditions Carnegie’s Mill in Homestead, PA

13. Living Conditions Beds were “rented” for 8 hours A bathroom in a typical tenement house

14. Living Conditions City Dwellers (especially immigrants) lived in crowded Tenement Housing Yard of a Tenement at Park Place Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

15. US Labor Force Child Laborers 1900: almost 2 million children worked for wages Very little supervision led to accidents Female Workers 1900: 17% of workforce was female Earned less money than male counterparts

16. Female Workers Male Bookkeepers & Female Typists Telephone Provided Opportunity

17. Immigration Patterns 1840-1860: 4 million immigrants entered US 1860-1890: 10 million immigrants entered US 1890-1920: 18 million immigrants entered US –“New Immigrants” from Eastern & Southern Europe

18. Violence Two Italian immigrants Murdered by a mob after being accused of union organizing & shooting a white man. 1910

19. Ellis Is. (Opened in 1892 to Process Immigrants)

20. Lydia Pinkham’s Label 23% Alcohol

21. Kodak “You press the button, we do the rest.”

22. Baseball Cards

23. Spanish-American War (1898) US vs. Spain Controversy over Cuba; Cuba was a Spanish colony. US President: William McKinley (1897-1901)

24. Journalism Yellow Press Journalists who stretched the facts to sell papers Joseph Pulitzer & William Randolph Hearst were key publishers Compare to National Inquirer Comic Character: The Yellow Kid

25. The Maine (2/98) USS Maine exploded in Havana Harbor

26. The Maine (February, 1898) 226 Americans killed Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

27. “ Remember the Maine, to hell with Spain…”

28. USS Maine: Anchor & Mast (Arlington National Cemetery)

29. Results: “A Splendid Little War” A new hero emerged: Theodore Roosevelt Only lasted 6 weeks US won; about 379 died in combat US acquired an overseas empire Theodore Roosevelt’s Rough Riders

30. US Territorial Expansion in the Late Nineteenth Century Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

31. Results: The Cost Over 5,000 died from disease or other problems Did the empire violate American principles…?

32. US At 1900 I.Intro II.African Americans A.Economics B.Segregation III.General Working & Living Conditions A.In General… B.Women & Children C.Immigrants D.Advertising IV.Spanish-American War Why & Results Key Terms Sharecropping Crop-Lein Plessy vs. Ferguson Jim Crow Homestead, PA New Immigrants Yellow Press The Maine