1. Segregation and Discrimination

2. Legal discrimination Voting restrictions Literacy tests Poll tax Grandfather clause: reinstate white votes If he, his father, or grandfather were eligible to vote before Jan. 1 st, 1867 Before that date African Americans were not allowed to vote

3. Legal Segregation Jim Crow laws: legal segregation (separating on race) Schools, hospitals, parks and transportation Plessy vs. Ferguson-1896 1/8 Af.Am. Denied a seat in railroad car in white section- took to Supreme Court It was legal if facilities were equal Equal declined in quality

4. Race relations Black men forced to remove hats, to yield to white pedestrians, never shaking hands Accusations- seriously if from white person Lynching- illegal execution, w/o trial, carried out by a mob Duluth, MN lynching http://collections.mnhs.org/duluthlynchings/ http://collections.mnhs.org/duluthlynchings/ both North and South

5. Mexican workers Agricultural laborers debt peonage- involuntary servitude, forced to work off a debt Violation of 13 th Amendment Chinese workers Forced to take low paying jobs Shoemakers, cigar makers, woolen mill operators Anti-Chinese immigration