1. CROSS CULTURAL TRAINING IM CONSULTANTS

2. Cross-Cultural Profiles: Japan & UK Source: Browaeys & Price, Understanding Cross-cultural Management,1 st Edition. Pearson education 2009 Source: Browaeys & Price, 2009 Source: Hofstede, 2001 Source: Greet Hofstede Cultural Dimensions, Available from: http://www.geert-hofstede.com Source: Hall’s cultural factors adopted from: http://changingminds.org/explanations/culture/hall_culture.htmhttp://www.geert-hofstede.comhttp://changingminds.org/explanations/culture/hall_culture.htm Time focus Japan: Japan: polychronic culture (however, Japanese use of time exhibits both monochronic and polychronic traits); flexible approach to time; building a long-term relationship is a priority of most Japanese businesses UK: UK: monochronic culture; time is tangible and inflexible, activities are structured and scheduled in a linear fashion; control systems involving strict timetabling/deadlines Power Japan: Japan: high power distance; organisational structure is strict & hierarchical; everyone has a distinct place in the hierarchy in a social or business situation; practice of lifetime employment UK: UK: flatter and less bureaucratic approach; less adherence to hierarchy with more impact to get work done effectively and efficiently; ideas of ‘jobs for life’ largely overtaken by change in work patterns and prospects

3. Cross-Cultural Profiles: Japan & UK Source: Browaeys & Price, Understanding Cross-cultural Management,1 st Edition. Pearson education 2009 Source: Browaeys & Price, 2009 Source: Hofstede, 2001 Source: Greet Hofstede Cultural Dimensions, Available from: http://www.geert-hofstede.com Source: Hall’s cultural factors adopted from: http://changingminds.org/explanations/culture/hall_culture.htmhttp://www.geert-hofstede.comhttp://changingminds.org/explanations/culture/hall_culture.htm Time Orientation Japan: Japan: past and long-time future oriented; business engagements require long-term commitment and focus on long-term benefits UK: UK: present and short-time future oriented; determined to achieve short-term goals and objectives rather than developing objectives in the long-term context or through long time cooperation Structure Japan: Japan: Collectivistic culture-interests of the group prevails over individual; strong sense of belonging to a group UK UK: High Individualistic culture- ‘I’ predominates over ‘We’; promotes individual goals, initiative and achievement Communication Japan: Japan: high context culture; tendency to use many indirect and implicit messages; nonverbal communication-usually in the form of subtle gestures/hints UK: UK: low context culture; value direct, simple and clear messages; communicators tend to be straightforward, concise and efficient

4. CCkTitleCC Tasks & Challenges Facing the Buying manager Training & Development -Gender is an issue Buying Manager Compensate (performance management) -seniority based pay -Trade unions Negotiate -focus on long term relationship Lead -leadership style (theory Z) -High power distance Recruit - emphasis on team building (collectivist culture)

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