1. IPv6 - Introduction Michael Dirska Hasso-Plattner-Institut Potsdam

2. 04/2004 -md-2 Why a new protocol version? Beginning of 1990s: –Help! - IPv4 address space is running out –There are too few Class-B-Networks left –Routing Tables are growing immensely

3. 04/2004 -md-3 IPv4 address structure (old) 32 Bit Written as 4 Bytes, decimal, "." inbetween Netmasks: number of relevant bits 0Class A/812.x.x.x 10Class B/16141.89.x.x 110Class C/24192.168.1.x 1110Class DMulticast 1111Class E(nicht belegt)

4. 04/2004 -md-4 IPv4 address structure (new) Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) RFC 1519 September 1993RFC 1519 (www.cidr-report.org)www.cidr-report.org 0Unicast-Adressen /8 bis /24-Netze 10" 110" 1110Multicast 1111(nicht belegt)

5. 04/2004 -md-5 Internet-Routing Uni Potsdam 141.89.0.0/16 HU Berlin 141.20.0.0/16 DFN G-WiN AS680 WIDE Project 203.178.136.0/21 AS2500

6. 04/2004 -md-6 IP: Next Generation (IPng) Dec. 1993: RFC 1550 Request for White PapersRFC 1550 lots of answers August 1994, examples: – RFC 1669 " Market Viability as a IPng Criteria "RFC 1669 – RFC 1671 " IPng White Paper on Transition "RFC 1671 – RFC 1687 " A Large Corporate User's View of IPng "RFC 1687

7. 04/2004 -md-7 IPng renamed to IPv6 Jan. 1995: RFC 1752 "The Recommendation for the IP Next Generation Protocol"RFC 1752 Dec. 1995: RFC 1883 "Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification"RFC 1883

8. 04/2004 -md-8 Decision in favour of a new address space IPv6 has 128-Bit addresses (millions of addresses per square meter of the earths surface) the new version solves old problems (fragmentation) and keeps the IP-header small elegant solution – technically! but: how do you switch from IPv4 to IPv6? Do we switch at all? Can both protocols co-exist?

9. 04/2004 -md-9 Advantages of a new address space We can learn from the mistakes: –better address allocation (smaller routing tables) –enough global routable addresses even for the smallest imaginable devices

10. 04/2004 -md-10 Disadvantages of a new address space all connections between Autonomous Systems (AS) must be re-negotiated lots of work to setup a second infrastructure there is no killer application in sight – so why do we want it? see: D.Bernstein "IPv6-mess"IPv6-mess

11. 04/2004 -md-11 currentcurrent IPv6 specifications RFC 2460 "Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification"RFC 2460 RFC 2461 "Neighbor Discovery for IP Version 6 (IPv6)"RFC 2461 RFC 2462 "IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration"RFC 2462 RFC 2463 "Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMPv6)"RFC 2463

12. 04/2004 -md-12 IPv4 header 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |Version| IHL |Type of Service| Total Length | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Identification |Flags| Fragment Offset | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Time to Live | Protocol | Header Checksum | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Source Address | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Destination Address | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Options | Padding | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ from RFC 791RFC 791

13. 04/2004 -md-13 IPv6 header +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |Version| Traffic Class | Flow Label | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Payload Length | Next Header | Hop Limit | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | + + | | + Source Address + | | + + | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | + + | | + Destination Address + | | + + | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ from RFC 2460RFC 2460

14. 04/2004 -md-14 IPv6 Adress-Struktur 128 Bit written as 8*16 Bit, hexadecimal : inbetween 2001:0DB8:0010:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001 2001:0DB8:10::1 FF02::1 FE80::192.168.111.40 = FE80::C0A8:6F28 2001:DB8::/32 ::1 ::FFFF:192.168.111.40

15. 04/2004 -md-15 IPv6 address structure Allocation Prefix Fraction of (binary) Address Space ----------------------------------- -------- ------------- Unassigned (see Note 1 below) 0000 0000 1/256 Unassigned 0000 0001 1/256 Reserved for NSAP Allocation 0000 001 1/128 [RFC1888] Unassigned 0000 01 1/64 Unassigned 0000 1 1/32 Unassigned 0001 1/16 Global Unicast 001 1/8 [RFC2374] Unassigned 010 1/8 Unassigned 011 1/8 Unassigned 100 1/8 Unassigned 101 1/8 Unassigned 110 1/8 Unassigned 1110 1/16 Unassigned 1111 0 1/32 Unassigned 1111 10 1/64 Unassigned 1111 110 1/128 Unassigned 1111 1110 0 1/512 Link-Local Unicast Addresses 1111 1110 10 1/1024 Site-Local Unicast Addresses 1111 1110 11 1/1024 Multicast Addresses 1111 1111 1/256 aus RFC 3513RFC 3513

16. 04/2004 -md-16 global IPv6 adresses 001 03 IANARIRRIRLIRLIRCustomer 233548 Interface ID 64128 64 bit for local configuration (auto-configuration)

17. 04/2004 -md-17 weitere IPv6-Adresstypen FE80::/64 0 Interface ID 64128 Link Local

18. 04/2004 -md-18 Interface Identifier |0 1|1 3|3 4| |0 5|6 1|2 7| +----------------+----------------+----------------+ |cccccc0gcccccccc|ccccccccmmmmmmmm|mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm| +----------------+----------------+----------------+ aus RFC2373RFC2373 |0 1|1 3|3 4|4 6| |0 5|6 1|2 7|8 3| +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+ |cccccc1gcccccccc|cccccccc11111111|11111110mmmmmmmm|mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm| +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+ FFFE XOR 0x0200 IEEEIEEE 802 48 bit MAC

19. 04/2004 -md-19 IPv6 network node link node host router Interface FE80::/64

20. 04/2004 -md-20 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (RFC2462)RFC2462 is always used for link-local addresses can be used to configure global adresses Duplicate Address Detection should be performed on the link

21. 04/2004 -md-21 Neighbor Discovery (RFC2641)RFC2641 Duplicate Address Detection Router Discovery Address Autoconfiguration Next-hop Determination Address Resolution Neighbor Unreachability Detection Redirect

22. 04/2004 -md-22 Neighbor Discovery five message types (in ICMPv6) –Router Discovery –Router Solicitation –Neighbor Discovery –Neighbor Solicitation –Redirect Why ICMPv6? You can use AH...

23. 04/2004 -md-23 transition to IPv6 t199620?? IPv4 IPv6 2020 ? 2030 ? Es wird lange Zeit gleichzeitige IPv4- und IPv6-Konnektivität geben müssen.

24. 04/2004 -md-24 IPv4 Netzwerk node link node host router IPv4 Internet

25. 04/2004 -md-25 dual stack node link node host IPv4 router IPv4 Internet node IPv6 router node host IPv6 Internet

26. 04/2004 -md-26 configured tunnel node link node host IPv4 router IPv4 Internet node IPv6 router node host IPv6 Internet tunnel broker node IPv6-over-IPv4 tunnel

27. 04/2004 -md-27 Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection: Connection-specific DNS Suffix. : IP Address............ : 141.89.224.145 Subnet Mask........... : 255.255.255.0 IP Address............ : fe80::208:2ff:fe5e:7afd%7 Default Gateway......... : 141.89.224.1 Tunnel adapter Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface: Connection-specific DNS Suffix. : IP Address............ : fe80::5445:5245:444f%8 Default Gateway......... : Tunnel adapter 6to4 Tunneling Pseudo-Interface: Connection-specific DNS Suffix. : IP Address............ : 2002:8d59:e091::8d59:e091 Default Gateway......... : 2002:c058:6301::c058:6301 2002:836b:213c::836b:213c Tunnel adapter Automatic Tunneling Pseudo-Interface: Connection-specific DNS Suffix. : IP Address............ : fe80::5efe:141.89.224.145%2 Default Gateway......... : Windows XP