1. Birth Control, Pregnancy, and Childbirth
Chapter 6
Birth Control, Pregnancy, and Childbirth

2. Methods of Fertility Control
Fertility - ability to reproduce
Conception - fertilization of an ovum by a sperm
Contraception - prevention of conception
Condom - latex cover for penis to catch sperm upon ejaculation

3. Methods of Fertility Control
Contraception effectiveness rate - % of women who become pregnant while correctly using a method contraception
Oral Contraception -” the pill” - prevents ovulation / regulating hormones

4. Methods of Fertility Control
Morning-after pill - taken within three days after intercourse
Spermicides - kills sperm
Female Condom - single- use polyurethane sheath
Diaphragm - latex device to prevent sperm access to uterus

5. Methods of Fertility Control
Intrauterine devise (IUD) - T shaped device implanted into uterus
Withdrawal - removing the penis before ejaculation
Depo-Provera - injectable form of BC lasts three months

6. Methods of Fertility Control
Norplant - 6 silicon capsules surgically inserted under the skin of women’s upper arm
Fertility awareness methods - natural methods…… examples
Cervical mucus method - based on specific changes to cervical mucus
Body temp. method - monitor body temperature for signals of ovulation

7. Methods of Fertility Control
Calendar Methods - mapping the woman’s menstrual cycle for safer time for intercourse
Sterilization - permanent fertility control through surgical procedures

8. Methods of Fertility Control
Tubal Ligation - female has fallopian tubes cut and tied off
Hysterectomy - removal of uterus
Vasectomy - male has vasa deferentia cut and tied off

9. Abortion - medical means of terminating pregnancy
Vacuum aspirations - gentle suction to remove foetal
Dilation + Evacuation - foetal is both sucked and scraped out of the uterus
Hysterectomy - surgical removal of foetal
Induction abortion - chemicals used to remove foetal from uterus

10. Planning a Pregnancy Emotional Health Paternal Health
Financial Evaluation
Contingency Planning

11. Pregnancy Prenatal care - living a healthy lifestyle
Choosing a Practitioner
Alcohol and Drugs
Tertogenic -causing birth defects from drugs, chemicals, x-rays or disease
Foetal alcohol syndrome - a collection of problems……mental retardation

12. The Process Early signs of Pregnancy missed menstrual cycle
breast tenderness
extreme fatigue
sleeplessness
emotional upset
nausea
vomiting (morning sickness)

13. Trimesters - a three month segment during pregnancy with specific developmental characteristics
The First Trimester
The Second Trimester
The Third Trimester

14. Prenatal Testing & Screening
Amniocentesis - fluid drawn from the amniotic sac / identify specific medical problems
Amniotic sac -protective pouch surrounding baby

15. Childbirth - Choosing Where to Have Your Baby
Hospitals
Birthing centers, etc, etc.
Labour and Delivery -
Transition -cervix almost completely dilated / foetus head moves into birth canal
Episotomy - straight incision into the mother’s perineum
Afterbirth - expelled placenta

16. Childbirth Prenatal Education Drugs in the Delivery Room
Breast-Feeding and the Postpartum Period
Postpartum depression - low energy, anxiety, mood swings and depression

17. Complications - problems that can occur even with a successful pregnancy
caesarian section (C-Section)
removal of baby via incision of abdominal and uterine walls
Rh factor - blood protein related to antibody development
…..if a Rh -negative mother has a Rh-positive baby / mother’s antibodies will attack the baby

18. Complications - problems that can occur even with a successful pregnancy
Stillbirth - birth of a dead baby
Miscarriage - loss of foetus before viable / spontaneous abortion
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome - infants under one year of age

19. Infertility - Difficulties in Conceiving
Pelvic inflammatory disease - infection that scars the fallopian tubes / blocks sperm migration
Endometriosis - uterine lining establishes itself outside uterus

20. Infertility - Difficulties in Conceiving
Low sperm count - leading cause of infertility in men / below 60 million sperm per millilitre of semen
Fertility drugs -hormones to stimulate ovulation in women

21. Alternative Insemination - partner's or donor’s sperm deposited into a women’s vagina / doctor supervised
In vitro fertilization - “test tube baby”
Gamete intrafallopian
Non-surgical Embryo Transfer
Embryo Transfer
Embryo Freezing
Surrogate Motherhood