1. Infection Control Unit 13
Adonis K. Lomibao R.N.
12/14/11

3. Objectives Spell and define terms
Explain principles of medical asepsis
Explain components of standard precautions
Types of PPE
Describe nursing assistant actions related to standard precautions
Describe airborne, droplet, & contact precautions

4. Medical Asepsis
Asepsis-the absence of disease-producing microorganisms.
-medical asepsis
-surgical asepsis
Medical asepsis-practices reduce the numbers of microorganisms or interrupt transmission.
-aka-”clean”
-Dirty or contaminated-have been exposed to known or potential pathogens.

5. Handwashing
Single most important procedure performed to prevent the spread of microbes.
-Vigorous, short rubbing together of all surfaces of soap-lathered hands.
-Followed by rinsing under a stream of running warm water.
Nosocomial infection- infection acquired by a patient while being cared for in a health care facility.

6. Wash your hands when..? Before handling food
After touching any soiled item or surface
Before touching mucous membranes or non- intact skin
Before and after every patient contact
Before applying and after removing gloves
Before any contact with your mucous membranes p

7. Hand Lotion & Waterless Hand Cleaners
Select a light, non-oily product.
Use a personal-sized bottle & do not share.
When using waterless, alcohol-based cleaners:
-Handwash when visibly soiled
-Rub product into hand until dry
-Do not use for pt. With C-Diff

8. Protecting Yourself
Occupational Exposure- contacting potentially infectious material as you perform your duties
Prevent by using proper medical asepsis & standard precautions
Exposure Incident- your eyes, nose, mouth, mucous membranes, or nonintact skin had contact with blood or potentially infectious material.

10. Standard Precautions
The infection control actions used for all people receiving care, regardless of their condition or diagnosis.
Apply when you may contact:
-Blood, body fluids, secretions, and excretions
-Mucous membranes
-Non-intact skin
-p.185
Work practice control-procedures to prevent spread of infections.

12. Personal Protective Equipment
Gloves (p. 196 When to use)
Gown
Mask
Goggles
Face Shield

13. Transmission-Based Precautions
Precautions used with highly transmittable diseases.
Communicable or contagious disease-may be transferred from one person to another directly or indirectly.
Three kinds of precautions:
-Airborne
-Droplet
-Contact

14. Airborne Precautions Transmitted by air currents
Pathogens small & light, suspended in air, can travel through air currents.
Examples:
-Tuberculosis
- Measles

15. Precautions Private room with negative air pressure
N95 Respirator,HEPA filter mask, PFR95 (p.190)
Limit pt. Transport to essential purposes only. Use mask on patient during transport.
Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) lights. Ultraviolet-C light kills or inactivates pathogens.
Anteroom-small room just inside entrance to pt. Room. Reduces escape of infectious organisms. Buffer between changes in air pressures

16. Masks

17. Droplet Precautions Can be spread by large droplets in the air.
Spread by sneezing, coughing, talking, singing, & laughing.
Generally don't travel past 3 feet of the patient
Examples:
-German measles
-Mumps
-Influenza

18. Precautions Private room if possible
Wear mask when working within 3 feet of patient
Limit transport to essential purposes. Use surgical mask on patient.

19. Contact Precautions
Infectious pathogens spread by direct or indirect contact.
Examples:
-Head or body lice
-Scabies
-MRSA
-C-Diff.

20. Precautions Private room if possible Gloves
Hand Hygiene with antimicrobial agent
Gown
Patient transport-Limit to essential purposes.
Dedicated patient-care equipment

21. Isolation Technique
The method of caring for patients with easily transmitted disease
Standard precautions in addition to transmission-based precautions
Isolation unit- may be an area or private room.

22. Disinfection & Sterilization
Disinfection- the process of eliminating harmful pathogens from equipment and instruments
Sterilization- removes all microorganisms from an item.
Autoclave- uses steam and pressure to kill organisms & sterilize

23. Sterile Procedures
Surgical asepsis-the environment is kept free of all microbes, both pathogens and non-pathogens.
Equipment & supplies must be sterile.
Sterile field- area of sterile equipment and materials.
-One inch around not sterile-keep equipment within 2 inches
-Never reach over field
-Moisture=contamination
-Discard if suspicion of contamination