1. WWII
By: Mr. Mitchell

2. US moving closer to the War
Nazi victories in 1940 lead to increased U.S. defense spending
First peacetime draft enacted—Selective Training and Service Act:
Draftees to serve for 1 year in Western Hemisphere only.
FDR, Churchill issue Atlantic Charter
Joint declaration of war aims
Charter is basis of “A Declaration of the United Nations” or Allies

3. Pearl Harbor
The Japanese need oil from US, we refused to trade with them
December 7, 1941 the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
2,403 Americans killed; 1,178 wounded
Over 300 aircraft, 21 ships destroyed or damaged

4. US Enters the War December 8, 1941 US declares war on Japan
December 11, 1941 Germany declares war on the United States

5. Home Front during the War
The United States government stirs patriotic feelings
Movies are used to build morale
Propaganda is used to keep war effort going
People rationed goods/supplies and started Victory Gardens
Many factories converted to make weapons
Nearly 18 million workers

6. Factories and Discrimination
Over 2 million minorities hired; face strong discrimination at first
A. Philip Randolph, head of Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
Organizes march on D.C to protest discrimination in defense industries.
FDR responded with an executive order banning discrimination in war-time factories (Executive Order 8802)

7. Internment Camps Many Americans were distrusting of Japanese Americans
Thousands of Japanese Americans were forced into Internment Camps in the Midwest throughout WWII
German and Italian Americans as well

8. US War in the Pacific
In first 6 months after Pearl Harbor, Japan conquers empire
Gen. Douglas MacArthur leads Allied forces in Philippines
March 1942 U.S., Filipino troops trapped on Bataan Peninsula
FDR orders MacArthur to leave; thousands of troops remain (says he will return)

9. Midway and Guadalcanal
Battle of Midway
Won by U.S. after breaking Japanese code.
Sink 4 Japanese Aircraft Carriers.
Battle is fought entirely in the air.
“TURNING POINT” OF THE WAR IN THE PACIFIC!!!
US begins “Island Hopping” beginning with Guadalcanal
U.S. starts to capture islands closer to Japan

12. Iwo Jima and Okinawa
Iwo Jima critical as base from which planes can reach Japan
6,000 marines die taking island; of 20,700 Japanese, 200 survive
April 1945 U.S. Marines invade Okinawa
170,000 Japanese defend island, only 10,000 surrender.
April–June: 7,600 U.S. troops, 110,000 Japanese die
Allies fear invasion of Japan may mean 1.5 million Allied casualties

14. Victory in the Pacific
Manhattan Project - U.S. develops atomic bomb (started many years earlier)
1. US Drops first atomic bomb on Hiroshima
2. Soviet Union invades Japan
3. US Drops second atomic bomb on Nagasaki
4. Japan Surrenders

15. War in Europe
Hitler broke the non-aggression pact and invaded the Soviet Union
Germans wanted to obtain the Soviet oil fields quickly
The Germans were unsuccessful in the winter months
EX: STALINGRAD

17. War in Europe Allies moved to Italy Allies freed Northern Italy
Mussolini was overthrown and moved his government to Northern Italy
Allies freed Northern Italy
Mussolini was shot and killed by Italians

18. D-Day Invasion June 6th, 1944 Allies open operation to free France
British and Canadian forces landed on other beaches.
US land on Omaha and Utah beaches
Landed on the Beaches of Normandy under the command of Dwight D. Eisenhower
Heavy loss of life but successful in freeing France

21. Battle of the Bulge Nazi’s last offensive attack
Attacked area between France and Germany
US soldiers attacked from the rear and defeated the Germans

22. Victory in Europe Soviet army surrounded Berlin
Nazis surrendered to Eisenhower
May 7, 1945: V-E Day
Hitler refuses to surrender and commits suicide

23. Holocaust Hitler’s Final Solution People effected:
Jews, Poles, Slavs, Gypsies, homosexuals, disabled, mentally ill
11 million die, over half are Jews

24. Yalta Conference
February 1945, FDR, Churchill, Stalin meet in Yalta to discuss post-war world
FDR, Churchill concession: temporarily divide Germany into 4 parts
Stalin promises free elections in Eastern Europe; will fight Japan
FDR gets support for conference to establish United Nations

25. Potsdam Conference Occurred from July 17th to August 2nd, 1945
Discussed how to handle punishments for Nazi Germany
Allowed military administration by US in Germany
De-centralized Nazi economy control
Conference approved US usage of A-bombs

26. Other effects of WWII Geneva Convention Nuremberg Trials –
Set guidelines for POWs
Nuremberg Trials –
24 Nazi leaders tried, sentenced
War crimes
Formation of Israel
Creation of United Nations
Prevent future wars