1. BACTERIA UBIQUITOUS IN NATURE UNICELLULAR LIGHT MICROSCOPIC - 0.2 - 2 MICROMETERS IN DIAMETER; 2 - 8 MICROMETERS IN LENGTH PROCARYOTIC IN CELL STRUCTURE CELL SHAPE AND ARRANGEMENT

3. ANATOMY OF A TYPICAL BACTERIUM THE GLYCOCALYX – A SUGAR COAT CAPSULE, SLIME LAYER, BIOFILM –PRODUCED WITHIN THE CELL AND SECRETED EXTRACELLULARLY CAPSULE CARBOHYDRATE - POLYSACCHARIDE WELL ORGANIZED LAYED DOWN EVENLY AROUND THE CELL WALL FIRMLY ATTACHED NOT EASILY PENETRATED

5. ADVANTAGES OF HAVING A CAPSULE ADHERENCE NUTRITION SOURCE PROTECTION –ANTIBIOTICS –IMMUNE SYSTEM –NUTRIENT AND WATER LOSS

6. SLIME LAYER NOT WELL ORGANIZED EASILY PENETRATED ADVANTAGES OF A SLIME LAYER

7. BIOLFILM BACTERIA LIVE IN COMMUNITIES CALLED BIOFILMS USUALLY ATTACHED TO SOMETHING – CATHETER, HEART VALVE, TOOTH, MUCOUS MEMBRANE ADVANTAGES OF A BIOFILM: PROTECTION FROM: DESSICATION, ANTIBIOTICS, BODY’S IMMUNE SYSTEM 70% OF HUMAN BACTERIAL INFECTIONS INVOLVE BIOLFILMS

9. THE BACTERIAL CELL WALL MAJOR COMPONENT OF MOST BACTERIAL CELLS MAINTAINS THE SHAPE AND INTEGRITY OF THE CELL PRESENT IN ALL PROCARYOTIC CELLS EXCEPT THE MYCOPLASMAS MAJOR DIFFERENCES IN CELL WALLS DEMONSTRATED BY THE GRAM STAIN

10. THE GRAM POSITIVE CELL WALL SINGLE LAYER UP TO 90% PEPTIDOGLYCAN 15-20 nm THICK CONTAIN TEICHOLIC ACIDS WHICH ARE ACIDIC POLYSACCHARIDES CONTROL AUTOLYSINS IN THE CELL

14. THE GRAM NEGATIVE CELL WALL SEVERAL LAYERS SEEN 10-15 nm THICK

16. INTERESTING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AMINO ACIDS IN PEPTIDOGLYCAN AMINO ACIDS CAN TAKE ON TWO STRUCTURAL CONFIRMATIONS IN SPACE D-AMINO ACIDS VS L-AMINO ACIDS

18. DIAMINOPIMELIC ACID – AA FOUND ONLY IN PEPTIDOGLYCAN INTERESTING CHEMICALS THAT EFFECT THE CELL WALL OF BACTERIA. PENICILLIN LYSOZYME

19. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE CELL WALLS OF THE ARCHAEABACTERIA AND THE EUBACTERIA. ARCHAEABACTERIA HAVE NO PEPTIDOGLYCAN IN THEIR CELL WALLS THERE ARE NO D AMINO ACID ISOMERS IN THE CELL WALL OF THE ARCHAEABACTERIA. ONLY L AMINO ACID ISOMERS THE ARCHAEABACTERIA ARE GRAM VARIABLE

21. THE CELL MEMBRANE SIMILAR TO THAT OF EUCARYOTES 50% PROTEIN AND 50% LIPID IN CHEMICAL COMPOSITION ACTIVE AND PASSIVE TRANSPORT OBSERVED

25. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE CELL MEMBRANES OF THE EUCBATERIA AND THE ARCHEOBACTERIA –OVERLAPPING LIPID LAYERS –DIFFERENT BONDING IN PHOSPHOLIPID MOLECULES

26. CYTOPLASMIC CONTENTS

28. RIBOSOMES –MAKE UP MAJOR PART OF CYTOPLASM –15,000+ PER CELL - POLYRIBOSOMES –60% PROTEIN AND 40% RNA STORAGE GRANULES –CARBON RESERVE POLY-BETA-HYDROXYBUTYRATE GLYCOGEN –VOLUTIN –SULFUR ENDOSPORES

33. THE NUCLEAR APARATUS DNA USUALLY A SINGLE CIRCULAR MOLECULE OF DOUBLE STRANDED DNA CAN BE LINEAR AS IN BORELLIA BURGDORFERI

36. EXTRACHROMOSOMAL DNA – PLASMIDS DEFINITION OF A PLASMID REPLICATES AUTONOMOUSLY EASILY PASSED FROM BACTERIUM TO BACTERIUM PLASMID GENES ARE NOT NECESSARY FOR THE SURVIVAL OF THE BACTERIUM PLASMIDS USED IN GENETIC ENGINEERING

39. EXTERNAL STRUCTURES OF THE BACTERIAL CELL FLAGELLA –CHEMICAL COMPOSITION - PROTEIN –ORGANELLE OF MOTILITY –DIAMETER IS BELOW THE RESOLVING POWER OF THE LIGHT MICROSCOPE –ARRANGEMENT POLAR PERITRICHOUS

42. FIMBRIAE - ADHESION

45. PILUS - CONJUGATION

47. CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT BACTERIA

49. A VARIETY OF CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT BACTERIA AND THE DISEASES THEY CAUSE RODS - ARRANGEMENT –ESCHERICHIA COLI – STRAIN 0157:H7 HUS-hemolytic – uremic - syndrome –CLOSTRIDIUM –CORYNEBACTERIUM –MYCOBACTERIUM –LACTOBACILLUS –BACILLUS

57. COCCI – ARRANGEMENT DIPLOCOCCI NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE – pp 790-792 NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS – pp 645-646 STREPTOCOCCI – pp 620-622;675-676; 714-715 STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES –SCARLET FEVER –RHEUMATIC FEVER STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE – pp 456;716 ENTEROCOCCUS FAECIUM - VRE (VANCOMYCIN RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCUS) – pp 593 –NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS TETRAD/SARCINAE - MICROCOCCUS LUTEUS

61. –STAPHYLOCOCCI STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS – pp 436;593;615- 20;675;751-2; MRSA, VISA, VRSA –NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIDIS STAPHYLOCOCCUS SAPROPHYTICUS

66. SPIRALS VIBRIO – CURVED RODS – VIBRIO CHOLORAE – pp 755-758 SPIROCHETES

70. TREPONEMA PALLIDUM – SYPHYLIS – pp 794-799

72. BORRELIA BURGDORFERI – LYME DISEASE pp. 685-687

75. BACTERIAL DIVERSITY A VARIETY OF CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT ATYPICAL BACTERIA CHLAMYDIAE – PHYLUM- pp 336-7;636;727;729;792-4 OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR PARASITES NO PEPTIDOGLYCAN IN THEIR CELL WALL VERY SMALL RODS - 1.5 X 0.2 MICROMETERS ENERGY PARASITES TWO GENERA: CHLAMYDIA AND CHLAMYDOPHILA CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS (STD) EYE DISEASE SEEN OFTEN IN THIRD WORLD COUNTRIES CHLAMYDOPHILA PSITTACI – PSITTACOSIS CHLAMYDOPHILA PNEUMONIAE

77. RICKETTSIAE – PHYLUM -pp 316;687-688 OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR PARASITES VERY SMALL PLEOMORPHIC RODS – 0.8 X 2.0 MICROMETERS TRANSMITTED FROM HOST TO HOST BY A VECTOR – INSECTS AND TICKS MOST PATIENTS PRESENT WITH A RASH ROCKYMOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER

80. MYCOPLASMAS – IN THE FAMILY MYCOPLASMATACEAE – pp 333-4; 726,794 NO CELL WALL FREE LIVING VERY SMALL – SMALLEST FREE LIVING ORGANISMS KNOWN 0.3 – 0.5 MICROMETERS IN DIAMETER CAN SLIP THROUGH 0.2 MICROMETER MEMBERANE FILTERS HAVE STEROLS IN THEIR CELL MEMBRANES

81. MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE – WALKING OR ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA MYCOPLASMA HOMINIS - STD