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Matter—Properties and Change
Section 3.1 Properties of Matter
Section 3.2 Changes in Matter
Section 3.3 Mixtures of Matter
Section 3.4 Elements and Compounds
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2. Section 3.1 Properties of Matter
Identify the characteristics of a substance.
Distinguish between physical and chemical properties.
Differentiate among the physical states of matter.
density: a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume
Section 3-1

3. Section 3.1 Properties of Matter (cont.)
states of matter
solid
liquid
gas
Vapor
Plasma
physical property
extensive property
intensive property
chemical property
Most common substances exist as solids, liquids, and gases, which have diverse physical and chemical properties.
Section 3-1

4. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
Substances
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
Matter is everything around us.
Matter with a uniform and unchanging composition is a pure substance.
Particles of matter are always in motion.
The kinetic energy (speed) of these particles increases as temperature increases.
Section 3-1

5. States of Matter
The physical forms of matter, either solid, liquid, or gas, are called the states of matter.
Solids are a form of matter that have their own definite shape and volume. Very Low Kinetic Energy
Liquids are a form of matter that have a definite volume but take the shape of the container. Low Kinetic Energy
Section 3-1

6. States of Matter (cont.)
Gases have no definite shape or volume. They expand to fill their container. Very High Kinetic Energy
Vapor refers to the gaseous state of a substance that is normally a solid or liquid at room temperature.
Plasma very high kinetic energy- particles collide with enough energy to break into charged particles (+/-).
gas-like, variable shape & volume
Section 3-1

7. Physical Properties of Matter
A physical property is a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the sample’s composition.
Section 3-1

8. Physical Properties of Matter (cont.)
Extensive properties are dependent on the amount of substance present, such as…
Intensive properties are independent of the amount of substance present, such as…
Section 3-1

9. A. Extensive vs. Intensive
Examples:
boiling point
volume
mass
density
conductivity
A. Extensive vs. Intensive

10. Chemical Properties of Matter
The ability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more other substances is called a chemical property.
describes the ability of a substance to undergo changes in identity
Examples:
Section 3-1

11. Observing Properties of Matter
A substance can change
Chemical properties can change with specific environmental conditions, such as temperature and pressure.
Section 3-1

12. Physical vs. Chemical Examples: physical melting point chemical
flammable
density
magnetic
tarnishes in air
B. Physical vs. Chemical

13. A B C D Section 3.1 Assessment Density is what kind of property?
A. atomic
B. intensive
C. extensive
D. dependent A B C D
Section 3-1

14. A B C D Section 3.1 Assessment What defines a gas?
A. Gases have a definite volume and shape.
B. Gases have a definite volume but take the shape of their container.
C. Gases have no definite volume or shape.
D. Gases have a definite shape but no definite volume. A B C D
Section 3-1

15. Section 3.2 Changes in Matter
Define physical change and list several common physical changes.
Define chemical change and list several indications that a chemical change has taken place.
Apply the law of conservation of mass to chemical reactions.
observation: orderly, direct information gathering about a phenomenon
Section 3-2

16. Section 3.2 Changes in Matter (cont.)
physical change
phase change
chemical change
law of conservation of mass
Matter can undergo physical and chemical changes.
Section 3-2

17. A phase change is a transition of matter from one state to another.
Physical Changes
A change that alters a substance without changing its composition is known as a physical change.
A phase change is a transition of matter from one state to another.
Examples:
Section 3-2

18. changes the identity of a substance products have different properties
Chemical Changes
A change that involves one or more substances turning into new substances is called a chemical change.
changes the identity of a substance
products have different properties
Examples:
Section 3-2

19. Signs of a Chemical Change
change in color or odor
formation of a gas
formation of a precipitate (solid)
change in light or heat
B. Physical vs. Chemical

20. Physical vs. Chemical Examples: chemical rusting iron physical
dissolving in water
burning a log
melting ice
grinding spices
B. Physical vs. Chemical

21. Reactants- stuff you start with; elements or compounds
Reaction occurs when one or more substances are changed into new substances.
Reactants- stuff you start with; elements or compounds
Products- What you make
products have NEW PROPERTIES
Yields Arrow separates reactants and products
B. Physical vs. Chemical

22. The mass of the reactants equals the mass of the products.
Conservation of Mass
The law of conservation of mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction, it is conserved.
The mass of the reactants equals the mass of the products.
massreactants = massproducts
Section 3-2

23. A B C D Section 3.2 Assessment
When one substances turns into another, what kind of change has taken place?
A. chemical reaction
B. physical reaction
C. extensive reaction
D. nuclear reaction A B C D
Section 3-2

24. A B C D Section 3.2 Assessment
The law of conservation of mass states that:
A. Matter can be created and destroyed.
B. Matter can be created but not destroyed.
C. The products of a reaction always have a greater mass than the reactants.
D. The products of a reaction must have the same mass as the reactants. A B C D
Section 3-2