1. Warm-up Question What is meant by the term home front? What is meant by the term home front? How would citizens in the United States contribute to the war effort? How would citizens in the United States contribute to the war effort?

2. Americans on the Home Front Financing the War The government raised money by selling Liberty Bonds. The government raised money by selling Liberty Bonds. The government put an aggressive campaign in place to encourage people to buy these. The government put an aggressive campaign in place to encourage people to buy these.

3. The Economy New Agencies New Agencies The War Industries Board, headed by Bernard Baruch, oversaw the production of war-related materials. The War Industries Board, headed by Bernard Baruch, oversaw the production of war-related materials. A War Trade Board licensed foreign trade and made sure no one traded with the enemy. A War Trade Board licensed foreign trade and made sure no one traded with the enemy. The National War Labor Board worked to settle any labor disputes that might disrupt production. The National War Labor Board worked to settle any labor disputes that might disrupt production. The War Labor Policies Board set standards for wages, hours and working conditions. The War Labor Policies Board set standards for wages, hours and working conditions.

4. Regulating Food and Fuel Consumption Regulating Food and Fuel Consumption The Lever Food and Fuel Control Act gave the President the power to manage the production and distribution of foods and fuels vital to the war effort. The Lever Food and Fuel Control Act gave the President the power to manage the production and distribution of foods and fuels vital to the war effort. The Food Administration worked to increase production and limit waste. The Food Administration worked to increase production and limit waste. Herbert Hoover, later elected President, was the head of this Administration. Herbert Hoover, later elected President, was the head of this Administration. He had the power to set price controls as well as institute rationing. He had the power to set price controls as well as institute rationing. Although Hoover had the power to do such things, he believed that people would do better if they were not made to do such things. Although Hoover had the power to do such things, he believed that people would do better if they were not made to do such things. The Lever Food and Fuel Control Act created an agency called the Fuel Administration. The Lever Food and Fuel Control Act created an agency called the Fuel Administration. It sponsored gasless days to save fuel as well as the practice of daylight savings time – the aim of this was to increase the number of daylight hours available for work. It also reduced the need for artificial light and lowered fuel consumption. It sponsored gasless days to save fuel as well as the practice of daylight savings time – the aim of this was to increase the number of daylight hours available for work. It also reduced the need for artificial light and lowered fuel consumption.

5. Enforcing Loyalty News and information came under the control of the federal government and any media influences that might hurt the war effort were challenged. News and information came under the control of the federal government and any media influences that might hurt the war effort were challenged. The National Security League preached “100 Percent Americanism”. The National Security League preached “100 Percent Americanism”. Early in 1917, this League got Congress to pass a literacy test for immigrants, over President Wilson’s veto. The test excluded anyone who could not read English or any other language. Early in 1917, this League got Congress to pass a literacy test for immigrants, over President Wilson’s veto. The test excluded anyone who could not read English or any other language. Much of society turned against Germans and the German culture as well. Much of society turned against Germans and the German culture as well. The Espionage Act of 1917 made it illegal to interfere with the draft. The Espionage Act of 1917 made it illegal to interfere with the draft. The Espionage Act was amended in 1918 by the Sedition Act. The Espionage Act was amended in 1918 by the Sedition Act. This addition made it illegal to interfere with the selling of Liberty Bonds or to discuss anything “disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive” to the government or military. This addition made it illegal to interfere with the selling of Liberty Bonds or to discuss anything “disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive” to the government or military. This violated the First Amendment but many felt it was necessary to the war effort. This violated the First Amendment but many felt it was necessary to the war effort.

6. Controlling Political Radicals Socialist Eugene Debs said that the war was a fight among Imperialist capitalists and that workers had no stake in the war. Socialist Eugene Debs said that the war was a fight among Imperialist capitalists and that workers had no stake in the war. Socialists made gains in the elections of 1917. Socialists made gains in the elections of 1917. The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) wanted to overthrow capitalism. The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) wanted to overthrow capitalism. These groups upset other labor leaders such as Samuel Gompers who supported the war effort. These groups upset other labor leaders such as Samuel Gompers who supported the war effort. The IWW was hounded by the government. A raid in 1917 led to the conviction of nearly 200 members. The IWW was hounded by the government. A raid in 1917 led to the conviction of nearly 200 members.

7. Changing People’s Lives The patriotism during the war made military styles and activities more acceptable. This ended with e conclusion of the war. The patriotism during the war made military styles and activities more acceptable. This ended with e conclusion of the war. Other effects of the war lasted longer. Other effects of the war lasted longer. Immigration from Europe virtually stopped. Immigration from Europe virtually stopped. The labor pool was hurt by the draft so many (African-Americans and Mexican-Americans) who had trouble finding work before the draft were able to get jobs. The labor pool was hurt by the draft so many (African-Americans and Mexican-Americans) who had trouble finding work before the draft were able to get jobs. Many African-Americans (about 500,000) continued to migrate north. Many African-Americans (about 500,000) continued to migrate north. Women also moved into new positions on a large scale. Women also moved into new positions on a large scale.