1. Alcohol

2. Alcohol: Is This Right?
Take out a sheet of paper and number Write agree or disagree in regards to each statement.
Alcohol is a stimulant
Caffeine will sober you up.
Food will keep you from becoming intoxicated
Drinking beer is safer than drinking wine or hard liquor.
Alcohol-related car crashes are all caused by drunk drivers.
Alcoholism is a disease.

3. Alcohol: Is This Right?
7. Alcohol abuse and alcoholism affect only the abuser.
8. Alcohol abuse or alcoholism will never be my problem.
9. Nothing can be done about alcohol abuse or alcoholism
10. It is a good idea to drink alcohol to prevent heart disease.
11. Drinking a large amount of alcohol occasionally is less harmful than drinking a smaller amount everyday.
12. Drinking alcohol makes you feel more confident.

4. Definitions Ethanol Fermentation
Type of alcohol in alcoholic beverages
Produced synthetically and naturally through fermentation
Fermentation
Yeast, a fungus, converts sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide
Water, flavoring and minerals are mixed to produce drinks
Liquor is created through distillation
Depressant
Drug that slows down the CNS

5. Influencing Factors Peer Pressure Availability Legal Restrictions
Family
Media Messages

6. Alcohol Abuse
the continued use of alcohol despite the development of social, legal, or health problems.
any alcohol use by underage youth is considered to be alcohol abuse.
High risk for neglect, abuse, economic hardship and social isolation
Studies show – drinking as a teen is 4x more likely to develop alcohol dependence than an adult

7. Characteristics of Alcohol Abuse
failing to fulfill major work, school, or home responsibilities
drinking in situations that are potentially dangerous, such as driving a car or operating heavy machinery
experiencing repeated alcohol-related legal problems, such as being arrested for driving while intoxicated
exhibiting continued drinking despite having relationship problems that are caused or made worse by drinking

8. Alcoholic Addict who is dependent on alcohol Harmful behaviors
Drunken driving, violent or aggressive behaviors
Quiet and reserved

9. Alcoholism
is a chronic disease involving a strong need to drink, the inability to stop drinking, the occurrence of withdrawal symptoms, and tolerance.
Alcoholism is often progressive.
Characterized by an impaired ability to study, work or socialize

10. Characteristics of Alcoholism
Craving
Loss of control
Physical dependence or the occurrence of withdrawal symptoms when alcohol use is discontinued
Tolerance
Health, family and legal problems
use and abuse of alcohol despite adverse consequences
failure to acknowledge the problem

11. Effects of Alcoholism on Children
Suffer child abuse
Depression and anxiety
Physical and mental health problems
Difficulties in school
Behavior problems

12. Cost of Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse
Approximately 13.8 million Americans have problems related to either alcohol abuse or alcoholism
Cost an estimated $185 billion in lost productivity, illness, premature death and healthcare expenditures (1998)
Non-abusers cost
Economic cost of criminal justice system
Higher insurance premiums

13. How is alcohol transported?
Alcohol is absorbed in the blood by diffusion
Absorbed from the stomach and small intestine into the bloodstream
Transported to the tissues and throughout the water- containing portions of the body as part of the distribution process
Brain is especially sensitive to its effects
About 20% of the alcohol is absorbed in the stomach and about 80% is absorbed through the upper portion of the small intestine

14. Short-Term Effects Body Size Gender Food Amount and rate of intake
Moves faster through bloodstream in females
Food
Slows down passage of alcohol in bloodstream
Amount and rate of intake
Drinks alcohol faster than liver can break it down, intoxication results

15. Short-Term Effects Continued
Nervous System
Brain, memory and judgment
Cardiovascular System
Heart and blood vessels
Digestive System
Stomach, liver and kidneys
Respiratory System
Lungs and breathing

16. Long-Term Effects Brain Cardiovascular Digestive System
Addiction
Loss of brain function
Brain damage
Cardiovascular
Heart
Enlarged heart
HBP
Digestive System
Inflammation of esophagus leading to esophageal cancer
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Increased risk of organ damage, frequencies of infections and other life long effects

17. Long-Term Effects Continued
Liver
Fatty liver
Excess fat blocks flow of blood to liver cells
Alcoholic hepatitis
Inflammation or infection of liver
Cirrhosis
Liver tissue is replaced with scar tissue
Can lead to liver failure
Pancreas
Lining of pancreas
Swells to block passage to small intestine
Chemicals begin to destroy pancreas

18. Misconceptions about Alcohol Use, Abuse and Alcoholism
#1: Alcohol is a stimulant.
Alcohol has been falsely thought of as a stimulant because its initial effects on some people include feelings of euphoria and lowered inhibitions.
Alcohol is classified correctly as a depressant because it later causes sedation and drowsiness.
In high concentrations, alcohol can induce unconsciousness, coma, and even death.

19. Misconceptions about Alcohol Use, Abuse and Alcoholism
#2: Alcohol abuse and alcoholism are problems only for the individual drinker.
Alcohol abuse and alcoholism are social problems that touch many more lives than that of the individual drinker.
Alcohol abuse is a contributing factor to many other social problems including auto crashes, domestic violence, and child abuse or neglect.
Alcoholism also has a severe economic impact on the country due to lost productivity, healthcare treatment, and costs attendant to administering the criminal justice system.

20. Misconceptions about Alcohol Use, Abuse and Alcoholism
# 3: People with alcoholism are morally weak individuals lacking will power.
It is known to be a complex disease that involves a variety of factors including genetic, environmental, social, and behavioral components.
A disease that must be diagnosed, and as separate from alcohol abuse.
In alcoholic individuals, the brain is affected by alcohol and promotes its continued use through both positive and negative reinforcements. The severe physical withdrawal symptoms that result from stopping drinking serve as a strong biological force that can maintain drinking behavior.

21. Misconceptions about Alcohol Use, Abuse and Alcoholism
#4: Children cannot be alcoholics.
Alcohol is the most used and abused drug among young people. A recent national poll reports that one in four 8th graders drank alcohol in the past month, and 18 percent of 8th graders got drunk at least once in the past year.
Research using animal models suggests that the developing brain of the adolescent responds differently to alcohol than does the adult brain.
Children who abuse alcohol may develop alcoholism, though the criteria for making the diagnosis may be different from those used to diagnose adults

22. Misconceptions about Alcohol Use, Abuse and Alcoholism
# 5: Small amounts of alcohol won’t impair bodily or mental functions.
Half of the states in the United States have set the legal limit for blood alcohol concentration (BAC) at 0.08 percent for motor vehicle operation.
This does not mean, however, that an individual is unimpaired at lower BACs. A BAC of 0.02–0.04 can impair memory and judgment.
The effects of alcohol on an individual vary depending on the person’s weight, nutritional state, gender, exposure to other drugs, and other factors. Any amount of alcohol taken during pregnancy is considered risky.

23. Misconceptions about Alcohol Use, Abuse and Alcoholism
# 6: Alcohol’s effects are only temporary.
The adult body can process approximately one drink per hour.
A drink is one 12-ounce bottle of wine cooler or beer, one 5- ounce glass of wine, or 1.5 ounces of 80-proof distilled liquor.
A significant portion of the societal costs of alcohol use (for example, falls, automobile crashes, and violence) is due to acute effects.
Although the acute effects of alcohol last only a short time, chronic long-term effects can develop and persist. Adolescents and adults who drink excessive amounts of alcohol may be causing chronic alterations to their brains. A recent study provides evidence that heavy drinking among teenagers can impair brain function. It is not yet known if these effects are reversible.

24. Misconceptions about Alcohol Use, Abuse and Alcoholism
#7: Alcohol is good for your health.
Recent reports have indicated that moderate drinking (defined as one drink per day for women and two drinks per day for men) may lessen the risk for cardiovascular disease.
Although moderate drinking is associated with decreased risk for heart disease, it is also associated with increased risk of accidents.
Drinking 5+ drinks per day leads to increased risks for stroke and cancer. In addition, pregnant women, people using certain medications, and those diagnosed with alcoholism or other medical problems should refrain from drinking entirely.

25. Misconceptions about Alcohol Use, Abuse and Alcoholism
#8: Alcoholism can be cured by behavioral programs such as Alcoholics Anonymous.
Alcoholism, at present, has no known cure.
Alcoholism can be controlled effectively using behavioral therapies, with or without pharmacological therapies. For such treatments to be effective, however, the patient must be willing to make significant and permanent lifestyle changes.
People being treated for alcoholism often experience one or more episodes of relapse. An important aspect of behavioral therapy is to help patients deal with such relapses and motivate them to continue their efforts to remain sober.

26. Misconceptions about Alcohol Use, Abuse and Alcoholism
# 9: The public knows enough about the effects of alcohol use; further research is not necessary.
We do know many of the behavioral effects of alcohol consumption, such as memory and motor function impairment.
We do not know how alcohol creates its addictive actions.
Research continues to provide insight into how alcohol acts on all cells of the body and affects their functions. New scientific approaches help scientists understand more about the biological and behavioral effects of alcohol.
The results of these studies, “from cell to society,” yield essential knowledge that is a prerequisite for more-effective ways to prevent and treat this disease.

27. Immediate Effects Increased thirst Slurred speech Double vision
Increased aggression altered behavior
Lowered inhibitions
Sleepiness
Impaired judgment
Slowed reflexes and body processes
Loss of motor control and coordination

28. Types of Alcohol What are different kinds of alcoholic beverages?
Beer/Wine/Hard Liquor?
Are they all the same in terms of amount of alcohol?
Beer: 12 oz
Wine: 5 oz
Hard Liquor: 1.5 oz

29. Measurement of BAC Metabolism In regards to alcohol: Liver
Process by which the body breaks down food to extract energy from it
In regards to alcohol:
Metabolism refers to the transformation of ethanol to acetaldehyde and other products
Liver
Primary site of alcohol metabolism
Less than 10% of alcohol consumed is not metabolized and excreted from the body in breath, sweat and urine

30. Measurement of BAC continued
Although expressed as a percentage, it is actually weight- per-volume
Grams of ethanol per 100 mL, or deciliter, of blood
Males average 58% of total body weight in water
Females average 49% of total body weight in water
Average metabolism for a moderate drinker is a decline of BAC of per hour

31. BAC How does the pattern of drinking relate to an individual’s BAC?
Person’s BAC is affected mainly by how much the individual drinks and over what time period the drinking occurs
Alcohol metabolism is at a constant rate
If the rate of alcohol consumption is faster than the body’s metabolism rate, than the BAC will increase

32. Absorption of Alcohol Food Body Weight and Build Gender
Faster when stomach is empty
Type of food present
Fatty foods allow absorption to take place over a longer time
Effects are not prevented
Body Weight and Build
Greater weight is a greater volume to absorb
Muscle tissue takes up more alcohol than fat tissue
Gender
Females have lower level of alcohol dehydrogenase in stomach

33. Females vs Males
Why, on average, are females more affected by drinking the same amount of alcohol as males?
Females tend to be smaller than their male counterparts
Females tend to have more body fat than males, which has the effect of reducing the amount of body water in which to distribute the alcohol

34. Alcohol and Drugs Can lead to illness, injury and possibly death
Multiplier effect
Medication has a greater or different effect than if it were taken alone
LABELS

35. Binge Drinking 5 or more alcoholic drinks in one sitting
Possible to consume a fatal dose

36. Hazing Any action taken or situation created intentionally:
Causes embarrassment, harassment or ridicule
Risks emotional and/or physical harm
Members of a group or team
Can be done by a number of ways
Alcohol
Physical

37. Blackouts
the brief impairment of short- and long-term memory occurring during episodes of excessive alcohol consumption or of other substance abuse
consciousness is retained
Alcohol impairs the ability to form new memories while the person is intoxicated, but does not typically erase memories formed before intoxication

38. Alcohol Poisoning
A severe elevation of the BAC which may lead to coma and death, often resulting from consumption of large amounts of alcohol
Also called alcohol overdose
BAC reaches a level that the body cannot process quickly enough
Alcohol consumed in large doses can shut down involuntary actions such as breathing, the heartbeat and gag reflex that prevents choking

39. Effects of Alcohol Poisoning
Mental confusion, coma, vomiting
Can choke on vomit and die of asphyxiation
Slow respiration – 10 seconds between breaths or less than 8 breaths a minute
Breathing slows, irregular heartbeat and finally stops
Hypothermia – low body temp leading to cardiac arrest
Pale or bluish color
Severe dehydration
Call 911 immediately

40. Ways to Stop Alcoholics Anonymous Naltrexone
Blocks receptors for endorphins, thus helping to reduce the craving for alcohol
National Association for Children of Alcoholics
National Drug and Treatment Referral Routing Service

41. Heredity
Children of alcoholics are 4x more likely than other children to become alcoholics
Does not mean a person will become an alcoholic
Other factors
Family, friends, culture, peer pressure, availability of alcohol and stress

42. Situations Alcohol and Law Alcohol, Violence and Sexual Activity
Illegal under 21
Arrested, fined, sentenced
Alcohol, Violence and Sexual Activity
Impairs a person’s judgment, lowers inhibitions and compromises moral standards
Sexually active at a younger age