1. 20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations CANADA AND THE WORLD HISTORY 3040
Dr. Curtis Cole
Trent University in Oshawa
March 22, 2009

2. 20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations
Robert Borden
Prime Minister,
Defeated Reciprocity, 1911

3. 20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations
The Depression
Protectionism
U.S. Hawley-Smoot tariff, 1930
High Canadian Tariff
Herbert Hoover
U.S. President,
R.B. Bennett
Canadian Prime Minister,

4. 20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations
World War Two
Hyde Park Declaration, 1941
Mackenzie King and Roosevelt

5. 20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations
Hyde Park Declaration, 1941
Canada: “the 49th state”?
In wartime we [shared], under the Hyde Park Agreement, the things needed to keep the production of both countries at the highest level. It worked, and made no small contribution to victory. If this was good in war—good for both countries and good for our allies—why should we not with profit continue the same principle indefinitely?
Hume Wrong, 1948
Hume Wrong
Canadian Ambassador
to the United States

6. 20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations
Hyde Park Declaration, 1941
Canada: “the 49th state”?
In wartime we [shared], under the Hyde Park Agreement, the things needed to keep the production of both countries at the highest level. It worked, and made no small contribution to victory. If this was good in war—good for both countries and good for our allies—why should we not with profit continue the same principle indefinitely?
Hume Wrong
Canadian Ambassador
to the United States
Hume Wrong, 1948
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, 1948

7. 20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations
W.M.L. Mackenzie King
Liberal Leader
Prime Minister
, ,
Rejected Free Trade with U.S. in 1948
Retired Nov., 1948

8. 20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations
Louis St. Laurent
MP 1941
Minister of Justice
Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, 1946
Prime Minister, 1948

9. 20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations
Lester B. Pearson
Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, 1948
Ambassador to the U.S.,
Deputy Minister,

10. 20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations
Lester B. Pearson
Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, 1948
Ambassador to the U.S.,
Deputy Minister,
NATO, 1949
NORAD, 1958
St. Lawrence Seaway, 1959

11. 20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations
Massey Report, 1948
Vincent Massey
Governor-General,

12. 20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations
John Diefenbaker
Prime Minister,
Diefenbaker and Kennedy, 1961

13. 20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations
Diefenbaker and Kennedy, 1961
Foreign ownership
U.S. proportion of foreign ownership in Canada:
1900: 13.6%
1950: 75.5%
oil and gas: 60%
mining: 50%
manufacturing: 50%
auto industry: %

14. 20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations Governor, Bank of Canada, 1955-61
Foreign ownership
U.S. proportion of foreign ownership in Canada:
1900: 13.6%
1950: 75.5%
oil and gas: 60%
mining: 50%
manufacturing: 50%
auto industry: %
James Coyne
Governor, Bank of Canada,
Donald Fleming
Minister of Finance,

15. 20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations
John Diefenbaker
Defense Policy
NORAD
Livingston Merchant

16. 20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations
Kennedy and Diefenbaker, Ottawa 1961

17. 20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations
Lester B. Pearson, Prime Minister

18. 20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations
Pearson and Johnson, 1967

19. 20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations
Nixon and Trudeau, 1972

20. 20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations
Mulroney and Reagan, 1985

21. 20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations

22. 20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations
Mel Watkins
Waffle movement of the N.D.P.
David Lewis - N.D.P. Leader 1971
James Laxer

23. 20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations
Herb Gray - Min. of Natl. Revenue
Task Force on Foreign Ownership, 1971
Canada Development Corp. 1971
Foreign Investment Review Agency 1974
Pierre Trudeau
Prime Minister, , 80-84

24. 20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations
Crown Corporations
Canadair, 1976
De Haviland, 1974
Petro Canada, 1975
National Energy Program, 1980
Pierre Trudeau
Prime Minister, , 80-84

25. 20th Century Canada-U.S. Relations
FTA 1989
NAFTA 1994
Brian Mulroney
Prime Minister,

26. The Modern Era: Part Two
HISTORY 3040
CANADA AND THE WORLD
NEXT WEEK
The Modern Era:
Part Two
Reading:
Bothwell,