1. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Sexually Transmitted Infections
Infections diseases spread from person to person through sexual contact

2. STD’s: The Facts We are facing an epidemic-an epidemic of STD’s.
An estimated 65 million people in the US are living with an incurable STD!
USA=highest rates of STD’s in the industrialized world
STD’s account for more than 85% of the most common communicable diseases in the US
Many people with STD’s are asymptomatic
Even when STD’s are diagnosed, they may not be reported to health departments.

3. High Risk Behavior Being sexually active with more than one person.
Engaging in unprotected sex.
Selecting high-risk partners.
Using alcohol and other drugs.

4. Consequences of STD’s Some STD’s are incurable.
Some STD’s cause cancer.
Some STD’s can cause complications that affect the ability to reproduce.
Some STD’s can be passed from an infected female to her child before, during, or after birth.

5. Chlamydia Due to bacteria from sexual contact Symptoms:
Men: 50% asymptomatic
clear, thin discharge and mild discomfort
Women: 75% asymptomatic
Abdominal pain, abnormal discharge, bleeding between periods, low-grade fever, bleeding after intercourse, urge to urinate more than usual

6. Chlamydia (cont.) Long-term effects: Increases susceptibility to HIV
Men: urethral damage, epididymis infection
Women: damage cervix, fallopian tubes, pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility
Increases susceptibility to HIV
Prevention: vaccine in progress, use of a condom
Treatment: curable with antibiotics
Hey There Chlamydia

7. Gonorrhea One of the oldest STIs
Due to bacterial infection during penile-vaginal intercourse
Also transmitted through mouth, throat, anus, rectum, and eyes
Prevalence:
dropped dramatically from 1980 to early 1990s
From 1997 – 2001 increase in men aged by 68%
In year olds, rate has increased from

8. Gonorrhea (cont.) Symptoms:
In men: pus-like substance from urethra
In women: invades cervix but can spread to urethra, anus, and rectum
Treatment: women are asymptomatic early so many do not receive treatment until late
Antibiotics
Recent resistance to common antibiotics

9. Syphilis Very old STI Due to bacteria
Can be transmitted through genital contact but also cut in the skin or touching chancres
Increases susceptibility to HIV
Can lead to cognitive impairment and death

10. Famous Syphilis Cases Christopher Columbus Beethoven Abraham Lincoln
Van Gogh
Adolph Hitler
Oscar Wilde
Franz Schubert
Al Capone
Henry VIII

11. Syphilis (cont.) Symptoms:
1st stage: chancre sore on cervix, mouth, external genitals
2nd stage: 1-6 months later: hair loss, generalized rash
3rd stage: latent; no symptoms of bacteria, but still very active in blood vessels, CNS, and bones
After 1st year, no longer infectious unless during childbirth
Late stage: heart and major blood vessels & brain attacked
Completely curable with a single dose of penicillin
Tuskegee

12. Herpes Simplex Virus Non-reportable virus 2 types:
HSV I – blisters on non-genital areas
HSV II – blisters on genitals
Infectious all the time, but especially during an outbreak
Can remain dormant for lifetime

13. Herpes (cont.)
No cure
Some treatments reduces recurrences and transmissibility
Long-term consequences:
Scarring can lead to meningitis or urethra damage
Increases risk of contracting HIV
Transmitted to infant during childbirth (can cause) serious illness or death
Does Michael have Herpes?

14. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
Most common STI
Viral transmission
Transmission is less efficient from mouth < genitals
Symptoms:
May cause local cell proliferation which can develop into plantar or common warts
Warts internally or externally on genitals or on other areas (face, oral cavity)
Most sexually active people will be exposed to HPV

15. HPV (cont.)
40 types of HPV
13 are considered cancer causing
Persistent infection with high-risk HPV established as a necessary cause of cervical cancer
HPV DNA found in 99.7% of cervical cancer patients
There is a vaccine (gardasil)!
HPV Myths

16. Importance of Abstinence
A deliberate decision to avoid harmful behaviors, including sexual activity before marriage and the use of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs.
There is a clear cause-and-effect relationship between sexual intercourse in any form and STD’s.
Use refusal skills to avoid situations in which you may be at risk.
Choose friends who are abstinent and who support your decision to abstain.

17. STI Autograph Game
You will become aware of how rapidly an STI can spread with unprotected sex through this STI Game
You will each get 1 card
Do not repeat partners during this game
Mingle and find 1 partner and sign each others card
Discuss some names and characteristics of the STI’s we have just learned about
Mingle and find another partner and sign each others cards
Discuss reasons people do not protect themselves from STI’s
Discuss ways people can protect themselves from STI’s
Sit down-your card should have 3 different names on it

18. STI Autograph Game JOURNAL
How does this activity relate to the spread of disease?
How can you tell if someone has an STI?
How can you 100% protect yourself from STIs?
How did it feel to find out your were exposed to an STI?
How did it feel to expose others to an STI?

19. HIV & AIDS
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)-a disease in which the immune system of the patient is weakened.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-a virus that attacks the immune system.
In July 1981, an outbreak of a rare form of skin cancer (Kaposi’s sarcoma) was reported. A year later it was called AIDS.
In 2003, AIDs was the 6th leading cause of death among adults from yrs old.

20. HIV and the Human Body
Lymphocytes are white blood cells that help your body fight pathogens (body contains billions).
When HIV enters that blood, it invades certain cells of the immune system, including T cells, which help identify and destroy pathogens.
As the number of viruses increase and the T cells decrease the immune system becomes less capable of fighting infections and cancer.
AIDS is the advanced stage of HIV

21. Modes of Transmission Sexual intercourse Contaminated blood
Includes penile-vaginal and anal
(Some evidence for oral sex)
Contaminated blood
Accidents, blood transfusions
Hypodermic needles
Injection drug use, accidents
Pregnancy and childbirth

22. What does not lead to HIV transmission?
Saliva
Urine
Tears
Kissing, hugging, cuddling, body rubbing, masturbation, or massaging

23. Stage of HIV Infection
Half of all persons develop symptoms 3-6 weeks after becoming infected and the symptoms disappear within a week to a month.
Symptoms: fever, rash, headache, body aches, and swollen glands.
Asymptomatic stage-a period of time during which a person infected with HIV has no symptoms (6 months to 10 years)
Symptomatic stage-the stage in which a person infected with HIV has symptoms as a result of a sever drop in immune cells (swollen glands, weight loss, and yeast infections).
AIDS-presence of HIV infection, severely damaged immune system, appearance of one or more illnesses and infections

24. Detecting HIV
EIA Test-a test that screens for the presence of HIV antibodies in the blood. Can give inaccurate results:
developing antibodies takes time
certain health conditions can cause it to give a false positive (hemophilia, hepatitis, pregnancy)
Western Blot Test-the most common confirmation test for HIV in US. If done properly it is 100%.

25. HIV/AIDS Research Activity
With a partner and the Internet, find the answers to these questions: How does HIV get transmitted? What happens to the body once someone contracts the virus? What groups are most at risk? How do you contract HIV? How can you avoid getting HIV?
These are some of the different populations that can be at risk for AIDS if they do not behave responsibly:
Homosexual men
Heterosexual men
Heterosexual women
Adolescents
Drug users
Minority youth
Pregnant women
Homeless and poor people
Prisoners
Armed forces
Research the answer to these questions for one of the groups listed above:
What are the specific dangers for this population?
How has the risk of contracting HIV/AIDS changed for this population over the past several years? (Provide statistics when possible.)
What behaviors put this population at risk for HIV/AIDS?
How could members of this population change their behavior to avoid getting or spreading HIV/AIDS?
Now you will create a public awareness campaign for that audience. You should be creative and consider the tone, language, and medium that would be most appropriate for that audience. For example, they may create a public service announcement for teens, a brochure for obstetrics offices, a needle exchange program for public health clinics, a poster for clubs frequented by homosexual men, a Web page for young professional men and women, or a bulletin board for their school hallway.
This is due at the end of class (:

26. Adults and Children living with HIV/AIDS in 2005

27. Incidence (new cases) of HIV/AIDS in adults and children in 2005

28. Estimated Child and Adult Deaths from HIV/AIDS in 2005

29. HIV-A continuing Problem
At the end of 2002, an estimated 40 million people worldwide were infected with HIV/AIDS.
HIV is now a pandemic (a global outbreak of infectious disease)
In 2002 alone, 5 million people became infected with HIV
Despite the progress of treatment options, HIV/AIDs is still a fatal disease for which there is no cure!

30. STI Role Plays 1. Re-read the scenario you have been assigned.
2. Ensure your answers to this scenario are detailed and correct.
3. Choose a role for each partner to play as you present this scenario to the class.
One of the people in the scenario
A friend of someone in the scenario
A nurse or doctor
4. Plan a presentation that dramatizes and answers the scenario questions.
5. Practice your presentation
6. Present your scenario to the class.

31. Oregon STD Stats
Statewide for Oregon during 2004 – 2006 some important trends in HIV, sexually transmitted disease and tuberculosis include:
The number of new HIV infections diagnosed by year of diagnosis has remained stable at approximately 300 per year, and the number of deaths have remained constant at approximately 100 per year.
Approximately 59% of all reported cases of HIV infection were residents of Multnomah County at the time of their case report.
Persistently, approximately 40% of newly reported HIV infections have progressed to AIDS at the time of diagnosis or within 12 months.
After a two-year increase, gonorrhea rates appear to have leveled off in 2006.
Tuberculosis cases have declined in 2006 compared with 2004-­2005 for unknown reasons.
Early syphilis cases have declined from a recent high of 74 cases in 2004 to 55 and 57 in 2004-­2005 and appear to have dropped again in 2006 through the 3rd quarter. Most cases are occurring in men, many of whom report sex with other men.
Chlamydia cases have increased in The reason is not known, but the increase cannot easily be attributed to increases in screening.

33. STD’s: The Facts We are facing an epidemic-an epidemic of _____
An estimated __________ people in the US are living with an incurable STD!
_____=highest rates of STD’s in the industrialized world
STD’s account for more that ____ of the most common communicable diseases in the US
Many people with STD’s are ________________
Even when STD’s are diagnosed, they may not be reported to _________________

34. High Risk Behavior Being sexually active with more than one person.
____________________________
Selecting high-risk partners.

35. Consequences of STD’s __________________________
Some STD’s can cause complications that affect the ability to reproduce.
Some STD’s can be passed from an infected female to her child before, during, or after birth.

36. Chlamydia Due to _____________ from sexual contact Symptoms:
Men: 50% _______________
clear, thin discharge and mild discomfort
Women: _____asymptomatic
Abdominal pain, abnormal discharge, bleeding between periods, low-grade fever, bleeding after intercourse, urge to urinate more than usual

37. Chlamydia (cont.) Longterm effects:
Men: _______________, epididymis infection
Women: _____________, fallopian tubes, pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility
Increases susceptibility to ______
Prevention: vaccine in progress, use of a condom
Treatment: curable with _______________

38. Gonorrhea One of the __________ STIs
Due to ____________ infection during penile-vaginal intercourse
Also transmitted through _______, throat, _______, rectum, and ________
Prevalence:
____________ dramatically from 1980 to early 1990s
From 1997 – 2001 increase in ____ ages by 68%
In ___________ year olds, rate has increased from

39. Gonorrhea (cont.) Symptoms:
In men: ___________ substance from urethra
In women: invades _________ but can spread to urethra, anus, and rectum
Treatment: women are ____________ early so many do not receive treatment until late
_______________
Recent resistance to common antibiotics

40. Syphilis Very old STI Due to _________
Can be transmitted through ____________ contact but also cut in the skin or touching chancres
Increases susceptibility to ______
Can lead to ____________ impairment and _________

41. Famous Syphilis Cases Christopher Columbus _____________
Abraham Lincoln
Adolph Hitler
Franz Schubert
Henry VIII

42. Syphilis (cont.) Symptoms:
1st stage: ___________ sore on cervix, mouth, external genitals
2nd stage: 1-6 months later: ___________, generalized rash
3rd stage: ________; no symptoms of bacteria, but still very active in blood vessels, CNS, and bones
After 1st year, no longer infectious unless during ______________
Late stage: __________ and major blood vessels & brain attacked
Completely curable with a single dose of ______________

43. Herpes Simplex Virus Non-reportable virus 2 types:
HSV I – blisters on ___________________
HSV II – blisters on _____________
Infectious all the time, but especially during an _________________
Can remain ____________ for lifetime

44. Herpes (cont.) No __________
Some treatments reduces recurrences and transmissibility
Long-term consequences:
___________ can lead to meningitis or urethra damage
Increases risk of contracting ________
Transmitted to infant during ______________ (can cause) serious illness or death

45. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
Most ___________ STI
Viral transmission
Transmission is less efficient from mouth < genitals
Symptoms:
May cause local cell proliferation which can develop into plantar or common __________
__________ internally or externally on genitals or on other areas (face, oral cavity)
Most sexually active people will be exposed to ________

46. HPV (cont.) ______ types of HPV
_______ are considered cancer causing
Persistent infection with high-risk HPV established as a necessary cause of __________________
HPV DNA found in ________ of cervical cancer patients
There is a vaccine (gardasil)!

47. Importance of Abstinence
A deliberate ________ to avoid __________________, including sexual activity before marriage and the use of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs.
There is a clear cause-and-effect relationship between sexual intercourse in any form and STD’s.
Use ______________ to avoid situations in which you may be at risk.
Choose _________ who are abstinent and who ___________ your decision to abstain.

48. HIV & AIDS
______________________________________-a disease in which the immune system of the patient is weakened.
_______________________________-a virus that attacks the immune system.
In July 1981, an outbreak of a rare form of skin cancer (________________) was reported. A year later it was called AIDS.
In 2003, AIDs was the _____ leading cause of death among adults from _________ yrs old.

49. HIV and the Human Body
_____________________________________ _____________________________________
When HIV enters that blood, it invades certain cells of the immune system, including T cells, which help identify and destroy pathogens.
As the number of viruses increase and the T cells decrease the immune system becomes less capable of fighting infections and cancer.
________________________________

50. Modes of Transmission _______________________
Includes penile-vaginal and anal
(Some evidence for oral sex)
Accidents, blood transfusions
Injection drug use, accidents

51. What does not lead to HIV transmission?
_________
Kissing, hugging, cuddling, body rubbing, masturbation, or massaging

52. Stage of HIV Infection
Half of all persons develop symptoms __________ after becoming infected and the symptoms disappear within a week to a month.
Symptoms: ________________________________________ _____________________________
__________________-a period of time during which a person infected with HIV has no symptoms (6 months to 10 years)
__________________-the stage in which a person infected with HIV has symptoms as a result of a sever drop in immune cells (swollen glands, weight loss, and yeast infections).
______-presence of HIV infection, severely damaged immune system, appearance of one or more illnesses and infections

53. Detecting HIV
__________-a test that screens for the presence of HIV antibodies in the blood. Can give inaccurate results:
developing antibodies takes time
certain health conditions can cause it to give a false positive (hemophilia, hepatitis, pregnancy)
________________-the most common confirmation test for HIV in US. If done properly it is 100%.

54. HIV-A continuing Problem
_____________________________________ ___________________________
HIV is now a pandemic (a global outbreak of infectious disease)
_____________________________________ ____________________________
Despite the progress of treatment options, HIV/AIDs is still a fatal disease for which there is no cure!