1. EASA HighIWC HIWC - HAIC Coordination Meeting Falcon 20 instrumentation for HAIC / HIWC AIRBUS, CNRS, BOM 29-30 March 2012 EASA.2011.OP.28 Payload & status HIWC - HAIC

2. This document and the information contained are EASA HighIWCContractors’ property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without EASA HighIWC Contractors’ prior written authorization EASA HighIWC Motivation to use F20 March 2012EASA.2011.OP.28  Objective: Define the most adequate instrumental payload for the Falcon 20 in order to fully meet the objectives of the HIWC / HAIC study.  Recall: The main HighIWC aircraft (G-II) will particularly be instrumented with in-situ cloud microphysics instruments and focus on the in-situ characterization of high IWC regions.  Our strategy in the HAIC / HIWC project is: (i) to validate the Doppler cloud radar (on F20) estimates of IWC in HighIWC regions (retrieved from reflectivity and Doppler velocity) using the state-of-the-art in-situ microphysical measurements from G-II and Falcon 20 aircraft. (ii) then to use the validated radar estimates to take advantage of the vertical resolution of the cloud radar to extrapolate the IWC & PSD in situ data (G II & F20 trajectories) for the new icing envelope calculations. HIWC - HAIC

3. This document and the information contained are EASA HighIWCContractors’ property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without EASA HighIWC Contractors’ prior written authorization EASA HighIWC Falcon 20 and basic instrumentation March 2012EASA.2011.OP.28 Deployment: Period: Jan 15 – Feb 15 2013. 49 flight hours Flights performed in IFR (instrumented flight rules) mode Airport at Darwin, Australia. Aircraft : Falcon 20 (200 ms -1, 3.5 hours endurance, 12 km ceiling) Limitation to 4 single pods HIWC - HAIC

4. This document and the information contained are EASA HighIWCContractors’ property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without EASA HighIWC Contractors’ prior written authorization EASA HighIWC Specific instrumentation on F20 for HighIWC March 2012EASA.2011.OP.28 CDP AI Nephelometer CAPS Robust CIP 4 under-wing pods available for best instrumental configuration. No single instrument covers the range from 1  m to several mm. Payload alternations are possible during campaign CPI 2D-S Task: choose in situ microphysics instrumentation Optical spectrometers Particle Imagers Bulk TWC / IWC devices HIWC - HAIC

5. This document and the information contained are EASA HighIWCContractors’ property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without EASA HighIWC Contractors’ prior written authorization EASA HighIWC Specific instrumentation on F20 for HighIWC EASA.2011.OP.28 PSD composition from 2D-S + CIP + PIP (MT-I data) 10 0 1 2 3 4 -6 10 -4 10 -2 10 0 2 4 Deq(µm) #/L/µm Merging different instruments to retrieve total PSD PIP CIP 2DS PSD composition « Pristine » range fit (80 µm,250 µm) « Drizzle » range fit (250 µm,1500 µm) Precipitation range fit (1500 µm,5000 µm) In situ microphysics instrumentation: Complete PSD… March 2012 HIWC - HAIC

6. This document and the information contained are EASA HighIWCContractors’ property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without EASA HighIWC Contractors’ prior written authorization EASA HighIWC Specific instrumentation on F20 for HighIWC EASA.2011.OP.28 What are the requirements for High-IWC instrumental in situ payload? ► Measurement of small ice particle properties (<100 μ m, if possible) ► Avoidance of possible small ice crystals contamination on spectrometer data due to ice particle shattering. Reduction of the possible artifacts created by particle breakups and bouncing off surfaces ahead of the instrumentation sample volume. ► Interarrival time analysis. ► Discrimination of phases of particles (solid/liquid). ► Enhancement of IWC measurements (Total amount). A selection of adequate instrumentation will be deployed to cover the range for ice crystals measurement In situ microphysics instrumentation: Requirements March 2012 HIWC - HAIC

7. This document and the information contained are EASA HighIWCContractors’ property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without EASA HighIWC Contractors’ prior written authorization EASA HighIWC Specific instrumentation on F20 for HighIWC EASA.2011.OP.28 Cloud remote sensing on Falcon 20 : cloud radar RASTA Sophisticated 94 GHz cloud radar RASTA In-situ microphysics : Most likely configuration Pod 1: ROBUST Probe combined to CDP (Cloud Droplet Probe) Pod 2: 2D-Stereo Probe (10-1280 µm; 10 µm pixel resolution) Pod 3: CPI Cloud Particle Imager (10-2300 µm; 2.3 µm pixel resolution) Pod 4: PIPPrecipitation Imaging Probe (100-6400 µm; 100 µm pixel resolution) Fuselage hard points: Fuselage hard points: Rosemount Aerospace Model 0871LM Series, Nevzorov Probe Alternative probes: We want to change initial configuration during campaign!! H HSI High Speed Imaging Probe (5-2500 µm) CPSDCloud Particle Spectrometer with Depolarization (CPSD) Backup probes: CAS-DPOL, CIP, 2D-Grey, 2D-P, FSSP-100... March 2012 HIWC - HAIC

8. This document and the information contained are EASA HighIWCContractors’ property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without EASA HighIWC Contractors’ prior written authorization EASA HighIWC Sum up: What does F20 add to HIWC  Radar RASTA: Access to dynamics and macrophysical cloud properties  In-situ: Detailed information limited to aircraft trajectory, use of radar to extrapolate the in situ data to entire cloud field (particularly vertical extension)  Detailed measurement of cloud microphysics on a second flight level (first level by G-II) EASA.2011.OP.28March 2012 HIWC - HAIC

9. This document and the information contained are EASA HighIWCContractors’ property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without EASA HighIWC Contractors’ prior written authorization EASA HighIWC RASTA 94 GHz cloud radar (6 antennas): Doppler velocity measurement 3 radar beams looking down 3 radar beams looking up Sensitivity: -38 dBZ @ 1 km (down) / -32 dBZ @ 1 km (up)  “3D” (antenna directions!) wind retrieval (Papazzoni 2010)  Terminal fall speed retrieval  Combining reflectivity and fall speed to retrieve microphysics from cloud radar: IWC, extinction, effective radius, N T (Delanoë et al. 2007) Cloud radar RASTA Specific instrumentation on F20 for HighIWC March 2012 HIWC - HAIC

10. This document and the information contained are EASA HighIWCContractors’ property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without EASA HighIWC Contractors’ prior written authorization EASA HighIWC Specific instrumentation on F20 for HighIWC EASA.2011.OP.28 Comparison allows to check retrieved microphysical properties from CloudSat / CALIPSO. Cloud radar RASTA & CLOUDSAT March 2012 HIWC - HAIC

11. This document and the information contained are EASA HighIWCContractors’ property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without EASA HighIWC Contractors’ prior written authorization EASA HighIWC HIWC - HAIC Specific instrumentation on F20 for HighIWC EASA.2011.OP.28 RASTA vertical velocity retrievals compared to Falcon 20 in situ velocity Cloud radar RASTA In-situ March 2012

12. This document and the information contained are EASA HighIWCContractors’ property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without EASA HighIWC Contractors’ prior written authorization EASA HighIWC Specific instrumentation on F20 for HighIWC EASA.2011.OP.28March 2012 Do we need PIP size range for HIWC? - Acquisition of up to 12000 particles/s - On average 40% of ice crystal mass beyond 1 mm for continental tropical convection (Megha-Tropiques I, 2010 West Africa) and 20 % for oceanic convection (Megha-Tropiques II, 2011 Indian Ocean), respectively. In situ probes HIWC - HAIC

13. This document and the information contained are EASA HighIWCContractors’ property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without EASA HighIWC Contractors’ prior written authorization EASA HighIWC HIWC - HAIC Falcon 20 validation flights within MT January 2012 EASA.2011.OP.28 Left: PIP probe images over African continent (2010) Right: PIP probe images over Indian Ocean (2011) Mixture of graupels and aggregates, due to strong updraft Much more pristine ice crystals due to moderate updraft 2 mm Typical ice crystal images in tropical convection 1cm

14. This document and the information contained are EASA HighIWCContractors’ property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without EASA HighIWC Contractors’ prior written authorization EASA HighIWC Specific instrumentation on F20 for HighIWC EASA.2011.OP.28March 2012 2DS (10 µm resolution) versus CIP (25 µm resolution)? - Good overlap of different probes - Reconstruction of PSD between 50 and 6400 µm - CIP does not precisely follow 2D-S beyond 200 µm - For the moment: no interarrival time analysis of CIP; only 2D-S! In situ probes HIWC - HAIC

15. This document and the information contained are EASA HighIWCContractors’ property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without EASA HighIWC Contractors’ prior written authorization EASA HighIWC HIWC - HAIC Falcon 20 validation flights within MT EASA.2011.OP.28 Interarrival time analysis and PSD correction for 2D-S Interarrival times (Delta t)

16. This document and the information contained are EASA HighIWCContractors’ property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without EASA HighIWC Contractors’ prior written authorization EASA HighIWC Results: IWC from radar reflectivity and µF March 2012EASA.2011.OP.28 Mass-diameter relationship: m(D) =  D  Area-diameter relationship: A(D) =  D   = f (    Flight nr. 18 - 2010 Mass-diameter relationship HIWC - HAIC

17. This document and the information contained are EASA HighIWCContractors’ property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without EASA HighIWC Contractors’ prior written authorization EASA HighIWC Results: IWC from radar reflectivity and µ  March2012EASA.2011.OP.28 Flight nr. 20 - 2010 Mass-diameter relationship  = f (    Mass-diameter relationship: m(D) =  D  Area-diameter relationship: A(D) =  D  HIWC - HAIC

18. This document and the information contained are EASA HighIWCContractors’ property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without EASA HighIWC Contractors’ prior written authorization EASA HighIWC Conclusions and remarks EASA.2011.OP.28 A selection of adequate Falcon 20 instrumentation will be deployed within HIWC international F/T campaign 2013 ► Measurement of small ice particle properties at least down to 100 μ m is possible: CPI, CPSD, …. ► Significant improvement of cloud particle phase discrimination: ROBUST & RICE probes, CPSD! ► Enhancement of capability of total TWC & IWC measurements: ROBUST probe for the first time on Falcon 20 ► Important refinements of mass – diameter relationships working on radar – in situ closure. Use of ROBUST probe bulk TWC measurements will enormously help!! ► Access to GII data will enhance the valuable dataset March 2012 HIWC - HAIC

19. This document and the information contained are EASA HighIWCContractors’ property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without EASA HighIWC Contractors’ prior written authorization EASA HighIWC ANNEXE January 2012EASA.2011.OP.28 HIWC - HAIC

20. This document and the information contained are EASA HighIWCContractors’ property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without EASA HighIWC Contractors’ prior written authorization EASA HighIWC HIWC - HAIC Specific instrumentation on F20 for HighIWC EASA.2011.OP.28 In situ microphysics instrumentation: Imaging probes March 2012

21. This document and the information contained are EASA HighIWCContractors’ property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without EASA HighIWC Contractors’ prior written authorization EASA HighIWC HIWC - HAIC Specific instrumentation on F20 for HighIWC EASA.2011.OP.28 In situ microphysics instrumentation: CPI March 2012 plate needles collumns needles

22. This document and the information contained are EASA HighIWCContractors’ property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without EASA HighIWC Contractors’ prior written authorization EASA HighIWC Specific instrumentation on F20 for HighIWC EASA.2011.OP.28 Standard FSSP-100 Supercooled waterResponse to ice In situ microphysics instrumentation: Optical spectrometers March 2012 HIWC - HAIC

23. This document and the information contained are EASA HighIWCContractors’ property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without EASA HighIWC Contractors’ prior written authorization EASA HighIWC Specific instrumentation on F20 for HighIWC EASA.2011.OP.28 Cloud Particle Spectrometer with Depolarisation (CPSD) The CAS-DPOL / CPSD. Below response of the depolarization detector as a function of time and particle diameter. The white trace is the temperature. The color shows the intensity of depolarization. Higher depolarization indicates higher probability of ice. Courtsey: Bruce Gandrud Above: CPSD Below: CAS - DPOL In situ microphysics instrumentation: Optical spectrometers March 2012 HIWC - HAIC

24. This document and the information contained are EASA HighIWCContractors’ property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without EASA HighIWC Contractors’ prior written authorization EASA HighIWC HIWC - HAIC Specific instrumentation on F20 for HighIWC EASA.2011.OP.28 ► ROBUST Probe Principle: Hydrometeors impact on sensor (4mm half cylinder). The sensor element is heated in order to maintain a constant temperature, typically 140 °C. The power level set by the control system to maintain temperature is converted into TWC. Principle : Measures amount of ice mass accumulation on a metal cylinder. As ice accretes on the cylinder, frequency of the vibration changes. Supercooled LWC calculated from vibration frequency variation with time. ► RICE Probe TWC LWC IWC = TWC - LWC Combination of Robust and RICE probes will provide a measurement of IWC. In situ microphysics instrumentation: Bulk TWC / IWC probes March 2012

25. This document and the information contained are EASA HighIWCContractors’ property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without EASA HighIWC Contractors’ prior written authorization EASA HighIWC HIWC - HAIC Vol 45 Vol 46 Confrontation des CWC restituer par les 2 méthodes de calculs du pré-facteur α Avec l‘approximation des effets de Mie, les CWC sont sous-estimer par rapport à un code plus strict (Boudala). Mais, ils restent proportionnel l’un par rapport à l’autre ! Forte probabilité d’enrichissement de la mesure CWC Nevzorov: Lié à la position de la sonde Nevzorov à l’arrière de l’Avion (proche fuselage). Pb supplémentaire: Saturation de la sonde Nevzorov (grand offset non réglable avec 3g par m3 comme max. CWC, sans offset)! Dispersion moins importantes pour le Code Mie. 2011