1. Semester Exam Review
Biology

2. Question #1
Which of the following statements is true about prokaryote and eukaryote cells?
They both have membrane bound organelles
They both have a nuclear membrane
They both have circular chromosomes
They both have a cell membrane

3. Question #2
The solution in the diagram to the right contains 93% water and 7% sugar. The animal cell in the solution is 99% water and 1% sugar. Which statement best describes how osmosis will affect the animal cell?
Sugar will move into the cell and the cell will expand
Sugar will move out of the cell and the cell will expand
Water will move into the cell and the cell will expand
Water will move out of the cell and the cell will shrink

4. Question #3
When a slice of potato was placed in a solution. When the potato was taken out, the potato slice had increased in size. The solution is said to be:
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Isotonic
None of the above

5. Question #4
The sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration of a normal human blood cell is 0.9%. The picture to the left shows normal red blood cells while the picture to the right shows red blood cells in a solution. In order for the cell to burst how must the concentration of salt be in the solution?
Higher than the concentration of salt in the cell
Lower than the concentration of salt in the cell
Equal to the concentration of salt in the cell

6. Question #5 The picture on the right illustrates: Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Active Transport
Osmosis

7. Question #6 The picture on the right illustrates: Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Active Transport
Osmosis

8. Question #7 The picture on the right illustrates: Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Active Transport
Osmosis

9. Question #8
Organisms in a freshwater ecosystem can be negatively impacted if they are placed in a saltwater ecosystem because they were placed into a:
hypertonic solution and too much water was being brought into their cells.
hypertonic solution and too much water was leaving their cells.
hypotonic solution and too much water was being brought into their cells.
hypotonic solution and too much water was leaving their cells.

10. Question #9
Based on the cell theory, why is a virus considered non-living?
A virus cannot reproduce itself without a host cell
A virus does not have a nucleus
A virus does not contain genetic material
A virus is too small to be considered a cell

11. Question #10
A university professor finds a particle not visible by the unaided eye. It has the shape of a soccer ball. It is non cellular but it has a DNA core. The core is trapped in s capsid and the capsid has spike-like projections on its surface. This particle could be:
Protist
Eubacteria
Virus
Archaebacteria

12. Question #11
Which type of viral reproduction takes place when the influenza virus attacks a person?
Binary fission
Conjugation
Lytic
Lysogenic

13. Question #12 What process does the reaction above represent?
Equation 1: 6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight → 6O2 + C6H12O6
What process does the reaction above represent?
Protein synthesis
Cell Respiration
Photosynthesis
Dehydration synthesis

14. Question #13 What process does the reaction above represent?
Equation 2: O2 + C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
What process does the reaction above represent?
Protein synthesis
Cell Respiration
Photosynthesis
Dehydration synthesis

15. Question #14
What are the reactants in the process of cell respiration?
Carbon dioxide, water and energy
Carbon dioxide, water and light
Oxygen and glucose
Oxygen and water

16. Question #15
Which biomolecule that contains Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio is used as the primary source of energy?
Fats
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Nucleic acids

17. Question #16
Like complex carbohydrates, proteins are biomolecules that serve many functions and can be chemically broken down and restructured. Which statement describes proteins and complex carbohydrates?
They are both nucleotides of DNA
They are both sequences of sugars
They are both lipids of large molecules
They are both polymers of smaller subunits

18. Question #17 What is the basic unit (monomer) of DNA? Nucleotide
Monosaccharide
Fatty acid
Amino acid

19. Question #18
Which molecule of RNA carries the coding information to the site of protein synthesis?
rRNA
tRna
sRNA
mRNA

20. Question #19
In a DNA molecule, what determines the traits (characteristics) of an organism?
Strength of the hydrogen bonds
Amount of adenine
Number of sugars
Sequence of nitrogen bases

21. Question #20
In the illustration to the right, what are the missing complementary bases going from top to bottom?
T-A-A-T
U-C-C-U
A-G-G-A
T-C-C-T

22. Question #21
Before DNA can replicate, where must the DNA strand separate?
Between every phosphate sugar pair
Between any two chemical bonds
Between the eight sugar base pairs
Between every nitrogenous base pair

23. Question #22 What is produced in the diagram below? Fatty acid Protein
Glucose
Nucleotides

24. Question #23
Look at the 2 nucleotide sequences below. Sequence 2 is a mutated copy of sequence 1. What type of mutation is represented in sequence 2?
Point mutation
Inversion mutation
Insertion mutation
Deletion mutation
Sequence 1: GAC CCG AUG
Sequence 2: GAC GCC GAU

25. Question #24
A DNA analysis was done on several suspects of a crime that was committed. The results are pictured below. Who committed the crime?
Suspect A
Suspect B
Suspect C
None of the suspects are a DNA match

26. Question #25
One way in which a point mutation and a deletion mutation are different is that ...
a point mutation is a physical change, and a deletion mutation is a chemical change.
a point mutation is always harmful, and a deletion mutation is never harmful.
a point mutation only changes one single nucleotide base, while a deletion mutation results in a frameshift of all the bases that follow
a point mutation always results in a frame shift mutation, while a deletion mutation never results in a frameshift mutation.

27. Question #26
A white flower is crossed with a red flower. All the offspring are pink. This is an example of:
Polygenic inheritance
Multiple alleles
Incomplete dominance
Codominance

28. Question #27 The karyotype below illustrates: Abnormal female
Abnormal male
Normal female
Normal male

29. Question #28
In guinea pigs, the allele for a rough coat (R) is dominant for the allele for a smooth coat (r). A heterozygous guinea pig and a homozygous recessive guinea pig are mated. Which of the following lists the distribution of genotypes most likely to be seen in the offspring?
25% RR, 50% Rr, and 25%
75% Rr and 25% rr
100% Rr
50% Rr and 50% rr

30. Question #29
In cats, the gene for brown fur (B) is dominant over the gene for white fur (b). Which set of genotypes represents a cross of two brown cats that could produce offspring with white fur?
Bb × bb
Bb × Bb
BB x Bb
BB x bb

31. Question #30
Research has shown that this uncontrolled cell growth and development can lead to which of these diseases?
Down syndrome
Cancer
Hemophilia
AIDS

32. Question #31
Himalayan rabbits carry a gene that is inactive above 35 °C, and it is most active from 15 °C to 25 °C. This produces rabbits with a specific coat coloring. In the central parts of the rabbit’s body where it has the highest temperature, the gene is not active, and no pigments are produced, resulting in white fur. However, in the rabbit's ears, tip of the nose, and feet, where the temperature is much lower than 35°C, the gene actively produces pigment which results in black fur. This experiment suggests that –
temperature may affect the feeding habits of Himalayan rabbits
temperature may affect gene expression in Himalayan rabbits
Himalayan rabbits will all look identical to one another
abnormalities among Himalayan rabbits are common

33. Question #32 The segregation that occurs during meiosis results in:
Group of identical cells
Single fertilized egg cell
Decrease in number of cells per organism
Reduction in the number of chromosomes per cell

34. Question #33
Identify the correct order of the events in the diagram below:
D C B A
A B C D
B C D A
A B D C

35. Question #34
Sex cells are produced by means of _______ while additional body cells are produced by the means of __________.
Mitosis; meiosis
Meiosis; mitosis
Mitosis; conjugation
Meiosis; gametogenesis

36. Question #35
Which of the following is the correct order for the cell cycle?
Interphase, metaphase, cytokenisis, prophase, telophase, anaphase.
Anaphase, interphase, metaphase, cytokenisis, telophase, prophase.
Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokenisis.
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, interphase, telophase, cytokenisis.

37. Question #36 Waxy coating on plants is a: Lipid Carbohydrate Protein
Nucleic acid

38. Question #37 The process in the diagram below illustrates: Exocytosis
Endocytosis
Osmosis
Diffusion

39. Question #38 The molecule below is: Fat Carbohydrate Nucleic acid
Protein

40. Question #39 Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by:
Changing the pH of a solution
Making more bonds
Increasing the activation energy
Decreasing the activation energy

41. Question #40 Which is an example of homeostasis?
A frog croaking to attract a mate
A worker bee protecting the queen
A lizard changing colors to camouflage
A man sweating after a long run

42. Question #41
A cell wall is to bacteria as a _____________ is to a virus.
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Spindle fibers
Capsid

43. Question #42
Which statement best describes the primary function of DNA replication?
to prevent mutations from occurring in cells
to ensure daughter cells have a complete copy of the DNA
to provide genetic variation within specific organisms
to allow prokaryotic cells to undergo meiosis

44. Question #43 What does the diagram represent?
plant cell forming a cleavage furrow
animal cell forming a cell plate
animal cell forming a cleavage furrow
plant cell forming a cell plate

45. Question #44
Identify X – Y – Z A. X = substrate, Y = active site, Z = enzyme B. X = active site, Y = enzyme, Z = product C. X = enzyme, Y = reactant, Z = substrate D. X = reactants, Y = substrate, Z = active site

46. Question #45
Which of the following organelles would be found in both prokaryote and eukaryote cells?
Ribosomes
Chloroplast
Cell wall
nucleus

47. Question #46 Mutations in the DNA sequence produce:
Changes in the phenotype
A harmful impact
A positive impact
Genetic diversity