1. Introduction to Clinical Psychology: Science, Practice and Ethics
Chapter 1
Definition and Training
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2. APA Division 12 Definition
“The field of Clinical Psychology integrates science, theory, and practice to understand, predict, and alleviate maladjustment, disability, and discomfort as well as to promote human adaptation, adjustment, and personal development. Clinical Psychology focuses on the intellectual, emotional, biological, psychological, social, and behavioral aspects of human functioning across the life span, in varying cultures, and at all socioeconomic levels.”

3. Characteristics of Clinical Psychology
Emphasis on science
Determinism
Empiricism
Hypothetical constructs
Emphasis on maladjustment
Emphasis on the individuals (nomethetic vs. idiographic)
Emphasis on Helping

4. Activities of Clinical Psychologists
Research
Teaching
Psychotherapy
Psychological assessment
Consultation
Administration

5. Norcross, Karg, & Prochaska, 1997
Activity % involved in % Time
Psychotherapy
Diagnosis/Assessment
Teaching
Clinical Supervision
Research/Writing
Consultation
Administration

6. A day in the life of a Clinical Psychologist (Dr Melinda Losee)
Monday
8: check messages, , return calls
9: psychotherapy client
10:00 - psychotherapy client
11:00 - case conference -review new cases
12:00 - continuing education luncheon
1: intake new psychotherapy client
2: consult with psychiatrist re: inpatients
3: intake new psychotherapy client
4: supervision of Master’s level clinicians
5: paperwork

7. A day in the life of a Clinical Psychologist (Dr. Melinda Losee)
Tuesday
8:00 - exercise
9: check messages, return calls, prepare
10:00 - score/interpret psychological testing
11:00 - report writing
12:00 - lunch
1: psychotherapy client
2: psychological evaluation
3: psychological evaluation continued
4: psychotherapy client
5: paper work/return calls

8. A day in the life of a Clinical Psychologist (Dr. Melinda Losee)
Wednesday
8:00 - check phone and , return calls
9: report writing
10:00 – psychotherapy client
11:00 – Policy Committee
12:00 – Wellness Committee/lunch
1: consultation with inpatient psychiatry
2: consultation continued
3: consultation continued
4: report-writing
5: paper work/return calls

9. Distinguishing Clinical Psychology from Related Professions
Psychiatry
Clinical Social Work
Counseling Psychology
School Psychology
Consultation

10. Training in Clinical Psychology
Undergraduate preparation
Graduate School
Continuing Professional Education

11. Undergraduate Preparation
Education in Psychology
Basic psychology courses
Clinically-relevant courses
Statistics and research methods
Broad Liberal Arts Education
“Hard” sciences
Related social sciences

12. Getting into Graduate School
Grade Point Average
Graduate Record Exams
Research experience
Clinically-relevant experience
Letters of recommendation

13. Graduate Training in Clinical Psychology: Overview
Scientist-Practitioner Model
Criticisms of Scientist-Practitioner Model
Alternative Model – Psy.D.
Professional Schools
Clinical-Scientist Model

14. Scientist-Practitioner Model
Clinical Psychology – a branch of scientific psychology
Training in research and practice
Link between science and practice
“Scientist-practitioner psychologists embody a research orientation in their practice and a practice relevance in their research” (Belar & Perry, 1999)

15. Scientist-Practitioner Training
Training in three broad areas:
Research
Assessment
Intervention
Advanced education in core areas of psychology
Biological bases
Learning and cognition
Social influences
Individual differences
Experiential learning
Clinical practica (leading to pre-doctoral internship)
Research mentoring (leading to doctoral dissertation)

16. Terms
Scientist-practitioner model = Boulder

17. Criticisms of Boulder Model
Training is not integrated
Faculty are poor role-models
Most applicants interested in practice
Few clinical psychologist do research
Research training not necessary to be a good clinician

18. Alternatives to Scientist-Practitioner Model
Scholar-practitioner model (Vail model)
De-emphasis on research experience (although continue training in research)
Relatively greater emphasis on psychological service delivery

19. Alternative Degree Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D.)
Emphasis is on training for practice
First program 1968 – University of Illinois
Currently – about 25% of APA accredited doctoral training programs in clinical psychology offer Psy.D.

20. Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D.)
Focus of training is on clinical service delivery
Exposure to research methods – but not expected to do research
Dissertation does not require original research

21. Professional Schools Free-standing (not affiliated with a university)
For-profit private institutions
Emphasis is on clinical training
Psy.D. or Ph.D.
Accept large classes
Faculty tend to be part-time

22. Free-Standing Professional School vs. University-Based Doctoral Program
Costs
Class size
Faculty
Research Emphasis

23. Clinical-Scientist Commitment to training in research
Commitment to training in assessment and therapy methods that have research support
Prepare students for careers in clinical research

24. Academy of Psychological Clinical Science
To foster training in clinical science research
To advance clinical science research and theory
To foster application of clinical science to human problems in responsible and innovative ways
To foster dissemination of clinical science

25. Graduate Training Programs in Clinical Psychology
Scholar Practitioner
Practice
Science
Scientist Practitioner
Clinical Scientist

26. Post-Doctoral Training
Licensure
Most states require one year of supervised post-doctoral experience
Research/Academic Career
1 to 3 years of pos-doctoral training experience is common
Grant-supported post-doctoral fellowships

27. Continuing Professional Education
“Continuing Professional Education (CPE) in psychology is an ongoing process consisting of formal learning activities that (1) are relevant to psychological practice, education and science, (2) enable psychologists to keep pace with emerging issues and technologies, and (3) allow psychologists to maintain, develop, and increase competencies in order to improve service to the public and enhance contributions to the profession” (American Psychological Association)

28. Continuing Professional Education
Maintaining licensure
Expanding practice
Voluntary certification (e.g., ABPP)