1. Activity Based Learning (ABL) in Tamil Nadu
M.P.Vijayakumar on behalf of many

2. Tamil Nadu Land: 50,216 sq miles Population: 62.4 million
Language: Tamil
GDP: $70 billion (3rd largest)
Growth: 12.1%
Poverty: 22.5% (against national average of 27.5%)
Literacy: 73% (against national average of 61%)
Number of elementary schools (grades 1 to 8 – ages 6 to 14 years): 37,486
Enrolment at Elementary: (98%)
Highest level of urbanisation in India (44%)

3. Improvement in learning achievement in all the subjects in class V.
NCERT Surveys--Learning Levels are Improving, but not enough …….
Classes
Maths
Lang.
EVS
1st rnd.
46.51
58.57
50.30
2nd rnd.
48.46
60.31
52.19
Improvement in learning achievement in all the subjects in class V.
Goa, HP, Gujarat, J& K, UP, Karnataka, Kerala, improved by more than 5% points
Ranges in Mean % Scores
States
40% to 50%
(11)
Assam, Chhatisgarh, Goa, Jammu & Kashmir, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, A & N Island, Chandigarh, D & N H, Puducherry
50% to 60%
(20)
Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharastra, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Daman & Diu
60% to 70%
(2)
Karnataka, W. Bengal
NCERT commissions national surveys every 3 years to track change in learning outcomes and for inter state comparability.
Since SSA’s inception, a baseline study for critical levels of elementary education I.e. class III, V, VIII have been completed. 2nd round is over, Final round is on in which class V has been completed.
All these studies has been disseminated to States.
NCERT is being assisted through a Technical Cooperation Fund of DFID to modernize its learning assessment systems.
HRM has written to CM’s for focusing on improving learning levels and teachers performance.

4. It is known that… despite enrolment being high…
Despite all hard ware in place…
Despite investment and many incentives having increased…
In spite of much discussion and debate …

5. The essential levels of…
Literacy – Numeracy – Subject Knowledge
– Understanding - Conceptual clarity
Have not been attained by the majority
Have not been seriously addressed
across the school system

6. Why are learning levels unsatisfactory?
Large numbers of first generation learners?
Infrastructure deficiencies?
High pupil:teacher ratios?
Lack of parental demand for quality?
Low expectations?
Inadequate assessment of learning outcomes?
Multi grade/multilevel class rooms

7. But, mostly…State concluded that…
It’s because of what goes on in the classroom…. the form of pedagogy affects student achievement more than anything else

8. The Teaching and Learning Process before ABL
Teacher gives instructions and expects children to obey and be disciplined;
Children listen while the teacher teaches and only hear the teacher’s voice – whatever she says;
Learners memorise facts given in the textbook or as told by the teacher or, more frequently, fail to memorise;
Teacher controls what happens in the classroom, children’s participation is minimal;
No scope for group learning, self learning, peer learning etc….;

9. The Teaching and Learning Process before ABL
Timetable is fixed;
Seating arrangements are fixed, usually regimented rows and columns;
Materials are only for display, not use by the students;
Children look bored and disinterested;
Assessment is undertaken as a separate activity;
Children are assessed through tests and exams – many fail and there is a pervasive fear of failure leading to dropout;
Report cards are used to convey the learners’ achievement;
Children’s performance is reported in terms of marks for subject areas.

10. Strengthening quality of primary education in Tamil Nadu
Required nothing less than comprehensive curriculum and pedagogic renewal …. a transformation in teaching and learning methodology and processes; complete system change.

11. The Teaching and Learning Process after ABL
Teacher provides learning opportunities and guides a range of meaningful learning.
Teacher provides learning situations that give children an opportunity to observe, explore, question, experience and develop their own understanding of various concepts.
All children participate actively in different activities/tasks and acquire all the necessary skills.
All children construct knowledge on their own, based on their experiences inside and outside the school.
All children work both individually and also in groups, discussing, sharing, co-operating and respecting others’ viewpoints.
Timetable is more flexible, depending to a large extent on the stages children have reached in their learning.
Seating arrangement changes according to the activity being organized.

12. The Teaching and Learning Process after ABL
A variety of materials, aids and equipment are available and used by children.
All children are engrossed in what they are doing.
Assessment is self-assessment as part of the teaching learning process.
All children are assessed informally by teachers while doing activities/tasks, primarily through the teachers monitoring of progress on the learning ladders – the children are not aware of this assessment.
A report conveys the learning and progress of the child.
Children’s progress on the learning ladders are reported in qualitative terms and on all aspects of development – some children move faster than others and all types of learners are accommodated in the teaching and learning process.

13. Learning Achievement: Maths Grade III
State
BAS
MAS
Difference
Gujarat
64.24
62.94
-1.30
Karnataka
68.45
59.66
-8.79
Kerala
51.36
61.02
9.66
Punjab
53.89
58.07
4.18
TNadu
53.48
75.13
21.65
India
58.25
60.92
2.67

14. Learning Achievement: Language Grade III
State
BAS
MAS
Difference
Gujarat
58.54
71.65
13.11
Karnataka
69.96
69.00
-0.96
Kerala
63.31
68.31
5.00
Punjab
54.29
66.98
12.69
TNadu
66.51
79.56
13.05
India
63.12
67.53
4.41

15. Quality Score

16. Model- nonmodel

17. Secrets of Tamil Nadu’s Success
ABL comprehensively addresses the context of multi-grade reality and frequent student absence
It is a robust and holistic methodology, developed by practicing teachers
Successful learning by all children leads to acquisition of confidence, pride and high self-esteem
Incorporates assessment and remedial teaching without branding children as failures
Curriculum adapted from existing textbooks by teachers, so easier to accept by key stakeholders
Working models were developed that managers and teachers could visit to experience the changed practice first-hand
Well structured move from pilot in Chennai (2003 to 2007) to pilots in blocks (2005 to 2007) to state wide scale-up (2007) in 37,486 schools, 6.5 million children and 120,000 teachers
Effective media strategy and support
Complementary graded reading programme, books produced by teachers

18. Secrets of Tamil Nadu’s Success
On-site support to teachers provided through 6,000 BRTE – quality of this support high
Managers of education have prioritised the reform
Adequately resourced through SSA
Effectively led by Minister and Departmental Head of Education, political will – logistics excellent; TLM and infrastructure
Learners have welcomed the change
Success is breeding success
Parents are excited and stimulated by the results

19. Secrets of Tamil Nadu’s Success
Most importantly …..
The State trusted its teachers, trusted its children, had confidence in its diagnosis, believed in the strength of the new teaching and learning methodology and knew exactly how to take the reform to scale.

20. System changes Half a day curriculum Consciously creating Multi-grade
Dropping notes of lesson
Giving up exams and home work
Changing class room structure and form
Not depending on text books exclusively
Shifting the Inspectors focus to academics
Monitoring orientation on process in lieu of outcome
ABL is not panacea, teachers keep on improving

21. Next Steps
ABL is continuously renewed and enriched
Teacher training is also continuously renewed and enriched
Curriculum reform done
New curriculum for pre-service
New generation of teachers oriented to ABL
ABL is opening up a new discourse on teaching and learning in primary schooling and the role of teacher – no longer chained to the textbook!

22. Next Steps
The first State-wide ABL cohort will complete Standard 4 in 2011 – a new breed of children who can think and create and search for information
Standard 5 is now focus of attention
Active Learning Methodology (ALM) in Upper Primary
ALM and Project Based Learning (PBL) proposed for Secondary Education
Political will to sustain the reforms

23. Thank you