1. EVOLUTION CLICKER REVIEW CHAPTERS 14, 15, 16

2. W HICH SCIENTIST USED ROTTING MEAT TO DISPROVE SPONTANEOUS GENERATION ? 1. A. Spallanzani 2. B. Redi 3. C. Pasteur 4. D. Oparin

3. W HICH OF THE FOLLOWING DID NOT EXIST IN THE EARLY ATMOSPHERE ? 1. Oxygen 2. Ammonia 3. Water vapor 4. Methane 5. Hydrogen

4. I F THE HALF - LIFE OF A RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL IS 5, 000 YEARS, THEN HOW MUCH OF A SUBSTANCE WILL REMAIN AFTER 3 HALF - LIVES ? 1. ½ 2. ¼ 3. 1/8 4. 1/16

5. H OW OLD IS THE MATERIAL ( HALF - LIFE IS STILL 5, 000 YEARS ) IF IT CONTAINS 1/16 OF ITS ORIGINAL MATERIAL ? 1. 5, 000 years 2. 10,000 years 3. 15,000 years 4. 20,000 years

6. W HAT DID CRITICS CLAIM CAUSED LIFE TO FORM ONCE R EDI DISPROVED SPONTANEOUS GENERATION ? 1. Sunlight 2. Air 3. Vital force 4. Dust particles

7. W HAT DID P ASTEUR USE TO DISPROVE THE IDEA OF SPONTANEOUS GENERATION ? 1. A container made of something other than glass 2. Curved shaped flask to collect the dust particles but keep 3. He covered the container so no light would penetrate the broth

8. A RIBOZYME IS A / AN 1. Ribosome 2. RNA molecule 3. Enzyme 4. Sugar

9. T HE FIRST CELLS ARE THOUGHT TO HAVE RESEMBLED MODERN 1. Mitochondria 2. Animal cells 3. Archaebacteria 4. Plant cells

10. R EDI PLACED MEAT IN THE CONTROL CONTAINERS AND COVERED THEM AND PUT MEAT IN THE EXPERIMENTAL CONTAINERS AND LEFT THEM UNCOVERED ; HE THEN OBSERVED THEM FOR MAGGOT GROWTH 1. True 2. False

11. W HAT GAS PROTECTS THE EARTH FROM THE SUN ’ S HARMFUL RAYS ? 1. Oxygen 2. Ozone 3. Carbon dioxide 4. Water vapor

12. M ANY SCIENTISTS THINK THAT THE FIRST AEROBIC PROKARYOTES INVADED LARGER CELLS AND EVENTUALLY GAVE RISE TO THE CHLOROPLAST 1. True 2. False

13. T HE FIRST PROKARYOTES OBTAINED THEIR FOOD THROUGH INORGANIC MOLECULES SYNTHESIZED INTO ORGANIC MOLECULES 1. True 2. False

14. T HE FIRST CELLS WERE MOST LIKELY HETEROTROPHIC PROKARYOTES. 1. True 2. False

15. F OX CREATED SPHERICAL SHAPED STRUCTURES CALLED COACERVATES THAT WERE COMPOSED OF PROTEINS THAT COULD BUD TO FORM MORE LIKE ITSELF 1. True 2. False

16. H OMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES, DNA SIMILARITIES, AND EMBRYOLOGICAL SIMILARITIES SUGGEST THAT 1. We lived at different times 2. We came from a common ancestor 3. We evolved from proto cells 4. We are becoming simpler organisms

17. O RGANS WITH NO APPARENT FUNCTION ARE CALLED 1. Analogous structures 2. Homologous structures 3. Vestigial structures

18. I NHERITED TRAITS THAT GIVE AN ORGANISM AN ADVANTAGE TO SURVIVAL ARE CALLED 1. Lethal mutations 2. Acquired traits 3. Adaptations 4. Oncogenes

19. A DAPTIVE RADIATION IS AN EXAMPLE OF DIVERGENT EVOLUTION (D ARWIN ’ S FINCHES ) 1. True 2. False

20. A MAJOR FACTOR INFLUENCING CONVERGENT EVOLUTION IS 1. A common gene pool 2. Adaptation to similar environments 3. Similar ancestry 4. Belonging to the same genus

21. W HICH ANSWER BEST REPRESENTS THIS STATEMENT : THAT ORGANISMS DO NOT CHANGE IN ORDER TO SURVIVE, THAT THE ENVIRONMENT DETERMINES WHICH ORGANISMS SURVIVE. 1. The theory of acquired traits 2. Lamark’s ideas 3. the idea that the fossil record is false 4. Darwin’s ideas

22. W HICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT PART OF DARWIN ’ S THEORY OF NATURAL SELECTIONS 1. Variation 2. Struggle for existence 3. Use or disuse of organs 4. overproduction

23. M OST FOSSILS ARE FOUND IN IGNEOUS ROCK 1. True 2. False

24. T HE LAW OF SUPERPOSITION STATES THAT THE YOUNGER FOSSILS ARE FOUND DEEPER IN THE ROCK LAYER. 1. True 2. False

25. T HE VARIATIONS NEEDED FOR SPECIES TO ADAPT TO A NEW ENVIRONMENT ARE CAUSED BY 1. Casts 2. Gradual changes 3. Punctuated changes 4. Mutations

26. W HICH SCIENTIST BELIEVED THAT CHANGES IN LIMB STRUCTURE ARE DUE TO MUTATION AND GENETIC RECOMBINATION ? 1. Darwin 2. Lamark 3. Both Darwin and Lamark 4. Neither Darwin nor Lamark

27. W HICH SCIENTISTS WOULD HAVE BELIEVED THAT WINGS ARE AN ACQUIRED CHARACTERISTIC ? 1. Darwin 2. Lamark 3. Both Darwin and Lamark 4. Neither Darwin nor Lamark

28. T HE FLYING SQUIRREL OF NORTH A MERICA CLOSELY RESEMBLES THE FLYING PHALANGER OF A USTRALIA. T HEY ARE SIMILAR IN SIZE, STRUCTURE, AND PHYSICAL APPEARANCE. T HE SQUIRREL IS A MAMMAL WHILE THE PHALANGER IS A MARSUPIAL. T HEY ARE GENETICALLY AND GEOGRAPHICALLY SEPARATED BY A GREAT DISTANCE, WHICH CAN BE BEST EXPLAINED BY 1. Convergent evolution 2. Divergent evolution 3. Spontaneous generation 4. Vestigial structures

29. W HICH TYPE OF SELECTION WILL OCCUR WHEN INDIVIDUALS WITH THE MOST FAVORABLE VARIATIONS SURVIVE AND PASS THEM ON TO OFFSPRING 1. Directional 2. Stabilizing 3. Natural 4. Disruptive

30. T HE TYPE OF SELECTION THAT MAY ELIMINATE THE INTERMEDIATE PHENOTYPE IS 1. Directional 2. Polygenic 3. Stabilizing 4. Disruptive

31. W HICH COMBINATION OF CHARACTERISTICS IN A POPULATION WOULD PROVIDE THE GREATEST POTENTIAL FOR EVOLUTIONARY CHANGES ? 1. Small populations and many mutations 2. Small populations and few mutations 3. Large populations and few mutations 4. Large population and many mutations

32. M IGRATION WILL CHANGE THE FREQUENCY OF ALLELES IN A POPULATION 1. True 2. False

33. I F A POPULATION CONTAINS 20/100 BLACK SQUIRRELS WHICH REPRESENTS THE RECESSIVE PHENOTYPE, WHAT IS THE FREQUENCY OF THEM IN THE POPULATION 1..10 2..20 3..30 4..40

34. S PECIATION MAY OCCUR WHEN ADAPTIVE RADIATION OCCURS 1. True 2. False

35. E VOLUTION THAT OCCURS SLOWLY AND CONTINUALLY OVER TIME IS CALLED 1. Directional 2. Gradualism 3. Punctuated 4. Stabilizing

36. W HICH OF THE FOLLOWING DESCRIBES A POPULATION ? 1. Dogs and cats in Crystal Lake, IL 2. Roses and tulips in a garden 3. Dogwood trees in Middletown, Connecticut 4. Four species of fish living in a pond

37. T HE HYPOTHESIS THAT EVOLUTION OCCURS AT AN IRREGULAR RATE THROUGH GEOLOGIC TIME IS KNOWN AS 1. Punctuated evolution 2. Directional equilibrium 3. Directional evolution 4. Genetic equilibrium

38. W HICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT AN EXAMPLE OF AN ISOLATING MECHANISM ? 1. A river separating members of a population 2. A female frog not recognizing the males’ crock for reproduction 3. Finch’s competing for same seeds 4. Random mating

39. I N ORDER FOR SPECIATION TO BEGIN, THERE MUST BE 1. Continuous breeding 2. Geographic isolation 3. Convergence 4. Divergence

40. W HICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS AN EXAMPLE OF STABILIZING SELECTION ? 1. Giraffe neck length 2. Acorn size 3. Anteater’s tongue length 4. Human birth weight