1. Mobile Computing and Commerce, and Pervasive Computing

2. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1.Discuss the value-added attributes, benefits, and fundamental drivers of m-commerce. 2.Describe the mobile computing environment that supports m-commerce (devices, software, services). 3.Describe the four major types of wireless telecommunications networks. 4.Discuss m-commerce applications in finance. 5.Describe m-commerce applications in shopping, advertising, and provision of content. 8-1

3. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6.Discuss the application of m-commerce within organizations and across the supply chain. 7.Describe consumer and personal applications of m-commerce. 8.Understand the technologies and potential application of location-based m-commerce. 9.Describe the major inhibitors and barriers of m- commerce. 10.Discuss the key characteristics, critical technologies, and major applications of pervasive computing. 8-2

4. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall mobile commerce (m-commerce, m-business) Any business activity conducted over a wireless telecommunications network or from mobile devices 8-3

5. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall ATTRIBUTES OF M-COMMERCE – Ubiquity – Convenience – Interactivity – Personalization – Localization 8-4

6. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 8-5

7. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall DRIVERS OF M-COMMERCE – Widespread availability of more powerful mobile devices – The handset culture – The service economy – Vendor’s push – The mobile workforce – Increased mobility – Improved price/performance – Improving bandwidth 8-6

8. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall wireless mobile computing (mobile computing) Computing that connects a mobile device to a network or another computing device, anytime, anywhere 8-7

9. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall MOBILE DEVICES – Mobile computers – personal digital assistant (PDA) A stand-alone handheld computer principally used for personal information management – smartphone A mobile phone with PC-like capabilities 8-8

10. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall MOBILE COMPUTING SOFTWARE AND SERVICES – Messaging Services short message service (SMS) A service that supports the sending and receiving of short text messages on mobile phones multimedia messaging service (MMS) The emerging generation of wireless messaging; MMS is able to deliver rich media 8-9

11. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall – Location-Based Services – Voice-Support Services interactive voice response (IVR) A voice system that enables users to request and receive information and to enter and change data through a telephone to a computerized system voice portal A Web site with an audio interface that can be accessed through a telephone call 8-10

12. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall WIRELESS TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS – personal area network (PAN) A wireless telecommunications network for device-to-device connections within a very short range – Bluetooth A set of telecommunications standards that enables wireless devices to communicate with each other over short distances 8-11

13. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall – wireless local area network (WLAN) A telecommunications network that enables users to make short-range wireless connections to the Internet or another network – Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity) The common name used to describe the IEEE 802.11 standard used on most WLANs 8-12

14. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-13

15. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall – WiMax A wireless standard (IEEE 802.16) for making broadband network connections over a medium- size area such as a city – wireless wide area network (WWAN) A telecommunications network that offers wireless coverage over a large geographical area, typically over a cellular phone network 8-14

16. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall MOBILE BANKING MOBILE PAYMENTS – Mobile Proximity Payments – Mobile Remote Payments 8-15

17. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall – digital divide Refers to the gap between people with effective access to digital and information technology and those without – microfinance Refers to the provision of financial services to poor or low-income clients, including consumers and the self-employed 8-16

18. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall MOBILE MARKETING CAMPAIGNS – Four classes of mobile marketing campaigns: 1.Information 2.Entertainment 3.Raffles 4.Coupons 8-17

19. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall – The major objectives of these classes fell into one of six categories: 1.Building brand awareness 2.Changing brand image 3.Promoting sales 4.Enhancing brand loyalty 5.Building customer databases 6.Stimulating mobile word of mouth 8-18

20. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall MOBILE MARKETING GUIDELINES – The basic principles of the Global Code of Conduct for Internet marketing: Notice Choice and consent Customization and constraint Security Enforcement and accountability 8-19

21. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall NEEDS OF THE MOBILE WORKFORCE – mobile worker Any employee who is away from their primary work space at least 10 hours a week or 25 percent of the time – Benefits of Mobile Workforce Support Mobile workers can be divided into three segments: – Mobile professionals (senior executives and consultants) – Mobile field force (field sales and service technicians) – Mobile specialty workers (delivery personnel and construction workers) 8-20

22. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall – Some solutions widely used by the three segments include: Mobile office applications Sales force automation (SFA) Field force automation (FFA) Mobile CRM (e-CRM) 8-21

23. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall – Challenges of Mobile Workforce Support Network coverage gaps and interruptions Internetwork roaming Mobile network and application performance Device and network management Bandwidth management 8-22

24. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall mobile entertainment Any type of leisure activity that utilizes wireless telecommunication networks, interacts with service providers, and incurs a cost upon usage 8-23

25. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 8-24

26. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall MOBILE MUSIC AND VIDEO MOBILE GAMES – Technology – Number of players – Genre MOBILE GAMBLING 8-25

27. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall location-based m-commerce (l-commerce) Delivery of m-commerce transactions to individuals in a specific location, at a specific time – The services provided through location-based m- commerce focus on five key factors: 1.Location 2.Navigation 3.Tracking 4.Mapping 5.Timing 8-26

28. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall L-COMMERCE INFRASTRUCTURE – Mobile devices – Communication network – Positioning component – Service or application provider – Data or content provider 8-27

29. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall – Positioning Components network-based positioning Relies on base stations to find the location of a mobile device sending a signal or sensed by the network terminal-based positioning Calculating the location of a mobile device from signals sent by the device to base stations global positioning system (GPS) A worldwide satellite-based tracking system that enables users to determine their position anywhere on the earth 8-28

30. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall – Location-Based Data Locating Navigating Searching Identifying Event checking – geographical information system (GIS) A computer system capable of integrating, storing, editing, analyzing, sharing, and displaying geographically-referenced (spatial) information 8-29

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32. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall BARRIERS TO LOCATION-BASED M-COMMERCE – Lack of GPS in mobile phones – Accuracy of devices – The cost–benefit justification – Limited network bandwidth – Invasion of privacy 8-31

33. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall M-COMMERCE SECURITY ISSUES – Worms capable of spreading through mobile phones – Open-air transmission of signals across multiple networks opens up new opportunities for compromising security – Mobile devices are easily lost or stolen 8-32

34. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 8-33

35. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall ETHICAL, LEGAL, AND HEALTH ISSUES IN M-COMMERCE – The isolation that mobile devices can impose on a workforce – Field service employees dispatched remotely visit “the office” only briefly at the start and end of each day, if at all – Not easy to separate work and personal life on a cell phone, unless one is willing to carry two phones or two PDAs – Health damage from cellular radio frequency emissions – Monitoring staff movements based on GPS-enabled devices or vehicles 8-34

36. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall pervasive computing Invisible, everywhere computing; computing capabilities embedded into the objects around us – Invisible Computing 8-35

37. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall – Principles of Pervasive Computing Decentralization Diversification Connectivity. Simplicity – Internet of Things 8-36

38. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall radio frequency identification (RFID) A short-range radio frequency communication technology for remotely storing and retrieving data using devices called RFID tags and RFID readers 8-37

39. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall – RFID Basics – RFID Applications Tracking and identifying people Tracking vehicles and commuters Tracking animals Tracking assets Tracking product inventory – electronic product code (EPC) A product identification standard that specifies the manufacturer, producer, version, and serial number of each (product) item 8-38

40. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall SENSOR NETWORKS AND SMART ITEMS – sensor network A collection of nodes, sometimes as small as millimeters in length or diameter, capable of environmental sensing, local computation, and communication with its peers or with other higher performance nodes – Sensor Networking Standards – Smart Applications PRIVACY AND PERVASIVE COMPUTING 8-39

41. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1.What is your m-commerce strategy? 2.What is your timetable? 3.Are there clear technical winners? 4.Which applications should be implemented first? 5.Is pervasive computing real? 8-40