1. Chapter 17 Therapy

6. Disorders Psychologist view disorders as something that is biologically influenced, unconsciously motivated, and difficult to change

7. Freud believed that generalized anxiety disorder was a “free floating” disorder. In other words, it’s not associated with a particular object, it can attack at any time

8. Depression Most common disorder, sometimes considered the “common cold” of disorders Most prevalent among women Associated with low levels of serotonin Often triggered by a stressful event

9. Therapy Psychotherapy an emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties

10. Eclectic Approach an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client’s problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy Have a little bit of everything

11. Therapy- Psychoanalysis Resistance blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material This can be a problem with some dissociative personality disorders, like dissociate fugue or dissociate identity disorder.

12. Therapy approaches to breaking through resistance Hypnosis Interpretation the analyst’s noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors in order to promote insight Transference the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships -e.g. love or hatred for a parent

13. Humanistic Therapy Client-Centered Therapy (Client-Based therapy) humanistic therapy developed by Carl Rogers therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients’ growth

14. Behavior Therapy therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors

15. Counterconditioning procedure that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger behaviors based on classical conditioning includes systematic desensitization and aversive conditioning

16. Systematic Desensitization type of counterconditioning associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli commonly used to treat phobias

20. Exposure therapy (flooding)- Similar to systematic desensitization in that the psychologist teaches the patient how to get into a calm and relaxed state. OPPOSITE from systematic desensitization though in that the patient is not slowly introduced to their fear, but directly introduced to it in it’s fullest extent. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rfI_lVlm mg0&feature=relmfu

21. Virtual reality exposure therapy- Exposure therapy that is conducted from the safety of a computerized atmosphere.

22. Aversive Conditioning type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior nausea ---> alcohol UCS (drug) UCR (nausea) UCS (drug) UCR (nausea) CS (alcohol) CS (alcohol) CR (nausea)

23. Aversion therapy video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lc8rtjxG -eI

24. Behavior Therapy Token Economy an operant conditioning procedure that rewards desired behavior patient exchanges a token of some sort, earned for exhibiting the desired behavior, for various privileges or treats

25. Cognitive Therapy teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions

26. Cognitive Therapy A cognitive perspective on psychological disorders Lost job Depression Internal beliefs: I’m worthless. It’s hopeless. Lost job Internal beliefs: My boss is a jerk. I deserve something better. No depression

27. Cognitive Therapy The Cognitive Revolution

28. Cognitive Therapy Cognitive therapy for depression Waiting list patients Cognitive training patients Cognitive training patients much less depressed Pre-therapy test Post-therapy test 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Depression scores

29. Cognitive Therapy Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy a popular integrated therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)

30. Group Therapies Family Therapy treats the family as a system views an individual’s unwanted behaviors as influenced by or directed at other family members attempts to guide family members toward positive relationships and improved communication

32. Does Therapy Work? Meta-analysis procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies Poor outcome Good outcome Average untreated person Average psychotherapy client Number of persons 80% of untreated people have poorer outcomes than average treated person

33. Who Does Therapy? To whom do people turn for help for psychological difficulties?

34. Biomedical Therapies Psychopharmacology study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior Benzodiazepine Anti-anxiety medication used for many disorders, including GAD and schizophrenia Lithium chemical that provides an effective drug therapy for the mood swings of bipolar (manic-depressive) disorders

35. Simpsons clip Can you see what kind of biomedical therapy Dr. Marvin Monroe is using?

36. Biomedical Therapies Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient Psychosurgery surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior lobotomy now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients

37. Biomedical Therapies Electroconvulsive Therapy

38. Biomedical Therapies The emptying of U.S. mental hospitals Introduction of antipsychotic drugs Rapid decline in the mental hospital population 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 Year 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 State and county mental hospital residents, in thousands