1. MenuPreviousNext Do Now 2/20 HAPPY BIRTHDAY GLADYS!! nWOD: MAMMOTH (MAM uth) adj.  huge; gigantic nUntil I visited Manhattan, I could not imagine the MAMMOTH size of the Empire State Building. nHerman Melville’s title character, Moby Dick, is a MAMMOTH whale. nWhen Jane returned from vacation, she found a MAMMOTH amount of work piled on her desk. STUDY FOR YOUR 5.1-5.2 QUIZ!!` 5 - 1

2. MenuPreviousNext 5 - 2 Phylum Porifera nTranslation n4 Important Features  First multi-cellular animal  Simple body plan (no mouth, no gut, no specialized tissues or organ systems)  Filter-feeders  Among the most ancient animals living today Sponges – Filters of the Sea Chapter 5 Pages 5-30 to 5-32 Pori -fera porebearing

3. MenuPreviousNext 5 - 3 Sponge Anatomy nSponges are quite probably the most ancient animal alive on the planet today.  Due to their incredible age sponges are very primitive, having cells which are not organized into specialized tissues or organs the way many other, more evolved animals do. Sponges – Filters of the Sea Chapter 5 Pages 5-30 to 5-32

4. MenuPreviousNext 5 - 4 How Do Sponges Filter Water? nSponges are filter feeders. This means that they take water in through a series of canals into their central cavity where food is removed from the water. nSponges have two different types of pores around their body.  The first are the smaller pores known as the ostia. These are the incurrent pores. Sponges – Filters of the Sea Chapter 5 Pages 5-30 to 5-32

5. MenuPreviousNext 5 - 5 How Do Sponges Filter Water?  The second pore is larger and is known as the oscula. This is the excurrent pore. Sponges – Filters of the Sea Chapter 5 Pages 5-30 to 5-32

6. MenuPreviousNext 5 - 6 How Do Sponges Filter Water?  The path of water through a sponge. Sponges – Filters of the Sea Chapter 5 Pages 5-30 to 5-32

7. MenuPreviousNext 5 - 7 Sponge Anatomy: Sponge Cells nSponges have three main different types of cells which make up their bodies.  The epidermis or “skin” of the sponge is made of cells which can synthesize collagen, known as pinacocytes. Sponges – Filters of the Sea Chapter 5 Pages 5-30 to 5-32

8. MenuPreviousNext 5 - 8 Sponge Anatomy: Sponge Cells  The canals throughout the sponge are lined with cells called choanocytes or collar cells. nThese collar cells have a flagellum for helping the water move through the canals and a collar for trapping food particles ingested by the cell body. The are also responsible for keeping the water flowing through the sponge at all times. Sponges – Filters of the Sea Chapter 5 Pages 5-30 to 5-32

9. MenuPreviousNext 5 - 9 Sponge Anatomy: Sponge Cells  The third type of sponge cell is the amoebocyte. nThe amoebocytes function as a mobile “stomachs,” bringing food throughout the sponge. They are also responsible for building part of the sponges skeleton. Sponges – Filters of the Sea Chapter 5 Pages 5-30 to 5-32

10. MenuPreviousNext DO NOW 2/24 nMARITIME (MARE ah time) adj.  near the sea; concerned with navigation or commerce on the sea nWhile in our nation’s capitol, we visited the MARITIME War Museum. nRick’s desire is to become a MARITIME lawyer. nBoston is a famous MARITIME city. DO NOW: 1.) What is the difference between ostia and oscula? 2.) What are the three main types of cells that make up sponges? 5 - 10

11. MenuPreviousNext 5 - 11 Sponge Anatomy: How Do Sponges Make Their Skeletons? nA sponges skeleton is made of two different materials, spongin and spicules.  Spongin is the softer, porous material that we usually associate with sponges. This is the substance used to make our everyday sponges. Sponges – Filters of the Sea Chapter 5 Pages 5-30 to 5-32

12. MenuPreviousNext 5 - 12 Sponge Anatomy: How Do Sponges Make Their Skeletons?  The other material which makes up the skeletons of sponges are spicules. nSpicules are thin and spiny shards of either calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) or silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ). nThe spicules are made by the amoebocytes and come in many different shapes and sizes. They interlock to form beautiful and delicate skeletons. Spicules can actually be used to identify different species of sponge. Sponges – Filters of the Sea Chapter 5 Pages 5-30 to 5-32

13. MenuPreviousNext 5 - 13 Sponge Anatomy: How Do Sponges Make Their Skeletons?  Examples of different kinds of spicules. Sponges – Filters of the Sea Chapter 5 Pages 5-30 to 5-32

14. MenuPreviousNext 5 - 14 Sponge Anatomy: How Do Sponges Make Their Skeletons?  A great example of the complexity of spicules in a glass sponge, common name Venus’s Flower Basket. Sponges – Filters of the Sea Chapter 5 Pages 5-30 to 5-32

15. MenuPreviousNext 5 - 15 DO NOT TOUCH THIS SPONGE!!!  Why would touching this sponge (Tedania ignis) be a bad idea? Sponges – Filters of the Sea Chapter 5 Pages 5-30 to 5-32

16. MenuPreviousNext 5 - 16 Sponge Anatomy: Sponge Shapes nGeneral sponge shapes.  Ball sponges. Sponges – Filters of the Sea Chapter 5 Pages 5-30 to 5-32

17. MenuPreviousNext 5 - 17 Sponge Anatomy: Sponge Shapes nGeneral sponge shapes.  Vase sponges. Sponges – Filters of the Sea Chapter 5 Pages 5-30 to 5-32

18. MenuPreviousNext 5 - 18 Sponge Anatomy: Sponge Shapes nGeneral sponge shapes.  Barrel sponges. Sponges – Filters of the Sea Chapter 5 Pages 5-30 to 5-32

19. MenuPreviousNext 5 - 19 Sponge Anatomy: Sponge Shapes nGeneral sponge shapes.  Tube sponges. Sponges – Filters of the Sea Chapter 5 Pages 5-30 to 5-32

20. MenuPreviousNext 5 - 20 Sponge Reproduction nSponges can reproduce both sexually and asexually. Sexual Reproduction  During sexual reproduction the choanocytes actually turn in the gametes (the sex cells) and leave the sponge.  Most sponges produce both male and female gametes meaning that they are hermaphroditic.  Release of gametes into the water is known as spawning. Sponges – Filters of the Sea Chapter 5 Pages 5-30 to 5-32

21. MenuPreviousNext 5 - 21 Sponge Reproduction Asexual Reproduction  Asexual reproduction occurs when a branch or bud breaks off the “parent” sponge and grows into a separate identical sponge.  Sponges are able to reproduce in this way because they are able to regenerate any or all of their bodies. Sponges – Filters of the Sea Chapter 5 Pages 5-30 to 5-32

22. MenuPreviousNext 5 - 22 The End Sponges – Filters of the Sea Chapter 5 Pages 5-30 to 5-32