1. Phylum Porifera

2. Phylum Porifera
The word porifera originates from Latin and refers to the organism having a body full of _____. It literally means "pore bodied" or "pore bearer."
pores

3. Phylum Porifera Characteristics of Sponges
1. Sessile asymmetrical organisms
2. Have no tissues, organs or organ systems
3. Composed of two cell layers
4. Have specialized support structures
5. Reproduce sexually and asexually
6. Feed by filter feeding

4. Phylum Porifera Sessile Asymmetrical Organisms
Sponges are ________ (not motile).
This means that they do
not move around. Sponges
live in groups called________
attached to rocks, coral, or sand,
and are usually found in shallow
seas.
Sponges are _____________(no
symmetry) or have ______ symmetry.
They may be a wide range of colors,
sizes, and shapes.
sessile
colonies
asymmetrical
radial

5. Phylum Porifera 2. No Tissues, Organs, or Organ Systems
The body of a sponge has the _______ possible body structure. Their cells are not arranged to form tissues and organs.
Sponges have a simple vase or basket-shaped body arranged around a ______ center.
simplest
hollow

6. Phylum Porifera 3. Composed of two cell layers
Sponges are composed of ___ basic cell layers. They have no ______ (acoelomate). These two layers are composed of specialized cells with specific functions:
Pinacocytes
Amoebocytes
Pore Cells
Collar Cells
two
coelom

7. Phylum Porifera
Pinacocytes compose the ________ of a sponge and control the surface area by contraction
ectoderm

8. Phylum Porifera
Amoebocytes are capable of changing ______. It actually moves around the sponge through the jelly-like substance located between the _________ and the
_______.
shape
endoderm
ectoderm

9. Phylum Porifera
Pore cells _______the thousands of pores that cover the body of a sponge. The pore cells _______ the flow of water and materials through the pores.
surround
regulate

10. Phylum Porifera
Collar cells line the ______ of the sponge and contain ________ that beat and produce water flow through the sponge.
interior
flagella

11. Phylum Porifera 4. Have specialized support structures
_______ support the sponge and keep it from collapsing. They are tough spikes which contain chemicals. Some spicules are composed of
______________, the same material found in the shells of mollusks. Other spicules are composed of _____________ which is the substance from which glass is formed.
_______ is a flexible network for internal support. It is primarily _______ in composition and is both firm yet soft.
Spicules
calcium carbonate
silicon dioxide
Spongin
protein

12. Phylum Porifera 5. Reproduce Sexually and Asexually
Sponges may reproduce by_______________ which is a type of asexual reproduction that allows a sponge to replace a portion of its body. Fragmentation is a type of regeneration that allows a sponge to grow an entire new body from a fragment of the original.
If we were to separate a sponge into individual cells by forcing it through a fine sieve, the cells would move around until they formed clumps and reformed into several new sponges.
Most sponges are_________________ or animals that have both male and female reproductive characteristics.
regeneration
hermaphrodites

13. Phylum Porifera 6. Feed By Filter Feeding
Because sponges are sessile, they do not actively seek out their food. Ocean currents bring the food to the sponge.
The sponge feeds by drawing _________ water through the incurrent pores and by ______ out the nutrients. The water leaves the sponge through the _______, a large opening at the top of the sponge.
nutrient-rich
filtering
osculum