1. Marine Invertebrates Chapter 7

2. The Classification of Organisms Domain BacteriaDomain ArchaeaDomain Eukarya Kingdom Protista Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Fungi EukaryotesProkaryotes

3. Animal Kingdom Characteristics of Animals: – Eukaryotic – Multicellular – Heterotrophic – Reproduce sexually – Contain cells lacking a cell wall – Usually capable of movement at some stage in life

4. Major Phyla of the Animal Kingdom PhylumExamples PoriferaSponges CnidariaJellyfish, sea anemones, corals CtenophoraComb jellies PlatyhelmenthesFlukes, tapeworms NematodaRoundworms AnnelidaPolychaetes, leeches MolluscaSnails, clams, oysters, octopus, squid ArthropodaCrustaceans EchinodermataSea stars, sea urchins Chordatavertebrates

5. Phylum Porifera Structurally simplest animal Do not form true tissues or organs Mostly sessile – living attached to a surface Variety of shapes, sizes, and colors Simple body plan Filter feed on plankton Reproduce sexually by broadcast spawning Some reproduce asexually when buds break off

6. Sponge Anatomy http://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/Porifera.htm

7. Sponge Anatomy

9. StructureFunction Pinacocyte Flat cells covering the outer structure Pore cells or porocytes Tube-like cells that allow water to enter

10. StructureFunction Choanocytes (or collar cells)Cells lining the larger feeding chamber of the sponge; contains a thin flagellum to create a current and collar to trap food particles OculumLarge opening on the top of the sponge through which water exits the sponge

11. StructureFunction Spicules (http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/47800/47878/47878_spo_spicules.htm)http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/47800/47878/47878_spo_spicules.htm Used for structural support; transparent siliceous or calcareous structures of different shapes and sizes

12. StructureFunction Spongin (http://www.palaeos.com/Invertebrates/Lists/Images/Spongin.jpg )http://www.palaeos.com/Invertebrates/Lists/Images/Spongin.jpg Tough, elastic fibers to help support the sponge Can be sole means of support or found with spicules AmebocytesWandering cells Secrete the spicules and spongin Can transport and store food particles Some can transform themselves into other types of cells

13. Sponge Feeding Suspensions feeders – animals that eat food particles suspended in the water – Specifically, sponges are filter feeders, suspension feeders that actively filter the food particles

14. http://www.mesa.edu.au/friends/seashores/sponges1.html Sponge filtering - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T7E1rq7zHLchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T7E1rq7zHLc

16. Sponge filtering - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T7E1rq7zHLc http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T7E1rq7zHLc

17. Sponge Reproduction Asexual (one parent) – when branches or buds break off, they will grow into separate sponges identical to the parent Sexual (two parents) – sponges produce sex cells, gametes, nutrient rich eggs and sperm with flagellum – Broadcast spawning

18. Body Plans Sponges have three basic body plans: – Asconoid – Syconoid – Leuconoid

19. Asconoid Simplest form A simple tube perforated by holes Central cavity, spongocoel, lined with choanocytes http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/resources/klaus_jost/00017869.jpg/view.html

20. Syconoid Large tubular body with a single osculum Thicker body wall than asconoid Longer pores that that form simple canals Canals lined with choanocytes (not central spongocoel) http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/resources/Grzimek_inverts/Hexactinellida/Euplectella_aspergillum.jpg/view.html http://eastchestereagles.wikispaces.com/Animal+Phyla+Even+Porifera

21. Leuconoid Most complex body plan Vast network of interconnecting canals that eventually lead to one or numerous larger oscula http://eastchestereagles.wikispaces.com/Animal+Phyla+Even+Poriferahttp://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/resources/klaus_jost/00000222.jpg/view.html http://eastchestereagles.wikispaces.com/Animal+Phyla+Even+Porifera

22. Classes of Porifera Three classes of Porifera: – Calcarea – Hexactinellida – Demospongiae

23. Classes of Porifera Class Calcarea – includes sponges with all three body plans – produce large spicules (megascleres) of calcium carbonate. Classes Hexactinellida – only possess leuconoid members – produce six-pointed large and small spicules (mega- and microcleres) made of silica. Class Demospongiae – only possess leuconoid members – may have microscleres and megascleres, spongin, both, or neither