1. Studies for some flowering plant families mentioned in course
Zygophyllaceae Chenopodiaceae Amaranthaceae Mimosaceae Aizoaceae Cactaceae Boraginaceae Urticaceae

2. Family:Urticaceae
Habit:The Urticaceae are monoecious or dioecious herbs or infrequently shrubs or small trees ,often with specialized stinging hairs.
The leaves : alternate or opposite, simple,
Flower: minute, unisexual or bisexual The Perianth :mostly 4 or 5 undifferentiated tepals or is sometimes absent.
The male flowers have a stamen opposite each perianth segment. The female flowers have a single simple pistil with a superior or inferior ovary that contains one basal ovule in its solitary locule..

6. Family Chenopodiaceae
Habit: Mostly halophytic Herbs
Leaves: Simple alternate or opposite, leaves succulent in some species
Flower: Minute ,green, bracteate, Actinomorphic,pentamerous, hypogynous, monochlamydeous
Perianth: five sepaloids,
Androecium: five Stamens
Gynoecium:2 united carpels, unilocular ovary ,uniovule ,basal placentation

9. Family :Amaranthaceae
Herbs, rarely woody, with dense or congested inflorescences bearing minute flowers subtended by dry, scarious, papery bracts, and basally united stamens c

13. Family:Zygophyllaceae
Habit:Mostly herbs and shrubs
Leaves: leaves opposite,compound pinnate,simple
Flower: Bisexual,pentamerous, actinomorphic
or zygomorphic
Androecium:10 stamens obdiplostemonous
Gynoecium:5 united carpels,axile placentation
Fruit:Capsule .

16. Family:Cactaceae
Succulent herbs typically with spines arranged in areoles, large solitary flowers, numerous parts and an inferior ovary

20. Family :Aizoceae
Habit and leaf form.  Plants succulent ,Xerophytic, herbs annual, or perennial; with a basal aggregation of leaves, or without conspicuous aggregations of leaves. Leaves minute to medium-sized; alternate, or opposite.
Perianth :sepaline, or with distinct calyx and corolla.
Androecium :3to ‘many, free of one another, or coherent.
Androecium including numerous staminodes
Gynoecium (1-20) carpels . Placentation when unilocular become parietal; when plurilocular, axile
Fruit fleshy or non-fleshy; dehiscent, or indehiscent; a capsule, or a berry..

24. Key to the families of the Leguminosae:
1. Flowers actinomorphic ……………………………….……………Mimosaceae
1. Flowers zygomorphic .…………………………………………………………………..….2
2. Perianth showing some connation, the uppermost petal (standard) enclosing the
lateral petals (wings)……………………………Fabaceae
2. Perianth with separate parts, the standard enclosed by the wings……………Caesalpiniaceae

25. Family:Papilionaceae
Habit: Some of the plants are herbs or shrubs
Leaves: Leaves are simple or compound imparipinnate,alternate,stipulate
Flower:Flowers are bisexual, zygomorphic ,
perigynous, pentamerous
Corolla: Five petals, Papilionaceous-posterior petal form standard, 2 lateral petals form wings and two lower petals form keel

26. Cont.
Androecium: the androecium consists of ten stamens which are didelphous having 9stamens united into a bundle and the tenth one in a free condition
Gynoecium: consists of single carple ,ovary unilocular. several ovules are arranged in marginal placentation
Fruit: It is a small legume which is straight or twisted some fruits are lomentum

33. Mimosaceae Habit: Mostly herbs, shrubs(Accacia)and trees
Leaves:Leaves alternate and bipinnate
Flower: actinomorphic, sometimes tetramerous or pentamerous,bisexual,perigynous
Androecium: 10 –many free stamens
Gynoecium: one carpel, unilocular ovary, many ovules arranged in marginal placentation
Fruit : Legume or Lomentum

38. Ceasalpinaceae Habit:Mostly shrubs or trees
Leaves: Aternate,parpinnate
Flower:Bisexual,perigynous,pentamerous
Androecium: Ten stamens ,free, usually variable in size , arranged in two whorls of 5 each, some may be reduced to staminodes as in Cassia sp.
Fruit:Legume

43. Distinguishing characters of Boraginaceae
Plant is provided with hairs bristly and erect hairs.
Inflorescence is a helicoid or scorpioid cymose, one sided
Flower: Pentamerous,hypogynous,bisexual,actinomorphic
Corolla tube often with infoldings or scales (corona).
Fruit is a schizocarp splitting into 4 nutlets.