1. Bone Growth and Joints

2. Bone growth and remodeling Two (three) types of bone: 1.Membrane bone – bone forming within connective tissue (=dermal bone) –Neurocranium (skull), scapula Osteoblasts  osteoid  trabeculae (small beam)

4. Types of bone (continued) 2.Cartilage replacement bone 1.Endochondral bone – bone that forms within cartilage 2.Perichondral bone – forms in CT on surface of bone –Long bones

5. Development of the femur in a late embryo or fetus of a mammal. A – original cartilage being replaced by bone on periphery (perichondral bone) original cartilage being replaced by bone within cartilage (endochondral bone) Blue = cartilage Purple = calcified cartilage Pink = bone

6. B – enlarged detail of bone formation Blue = cartilage Purple = calcified cartilage Pink = bone

7. Notes on Joints (articulations) Structure and function dependent upon: –Degree and direction of movement needed –Forces acting upon the joint –Nature of the material at articulation C – C B – B C – B

8. Classification based on overall movement and material Synarthroses – restricted movement –Sutures Sutural ligament Periosteum Dermal bone 1. Coronal suture

9. Functional synarthroses Reinforced – look at woodpecker skull frontal nasal Not synarthroses

10. Synchondroses

11. Basioccipital Basisphenoid Spheno-occipital Synchondrosis

13. Sympases –Fibrocartilage –Some elastin 1.Symphysis mentalis Also: 2.Synchondrosis sphenooccipitalis 3.Synchondrosis intraoccipitalis anterior 4.Fonticulus posterior 5.Synchondrosis intraoccipitalis posterior Pubic symphysis

14. Diarthroses (synovial joints) Lots of movement –Knee –Jaw

15. Functional Types of Joints Gliding joints