1. Intelligence theory and testing Lecture overview
Finish theories of intelligence
History context of intelligence tests
Examples of intelligence tests
Bias and intelligence testing
Summary

2. Louis Thurston 7 Primary Mental Abilities
1. Verbal Comprehension
2. Word fluency
3. Number
4. Space
5. Associative Memory
6. Perceptual Speed
7. Reasoning

3. Raymond B. Cattell Fluid & Crystallized Intelligences
Factor analytic model
Fluid intelligence – primary reasoning ability
Tests that are non-verbal tests, culture free, and independent of instruction
Crystallized intelligence – factual knowledge
mazes, memory tests, matrices

4. Raven Matrices Test
Which piece is missing?
Tests non-verbal reasoning

5. Verbal Analogy Problems
SOON is to NEVER as NEAR is to
NOT FAR
SELDOM
NOWHERE
WIDELY

6. Howard Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences
Linguistic
Musical
Logical-mathematical
Naturalist
Spatial
Bodily-kinesthetic
Intrapersonal
Interpersonal

7. Alfred Binet French psychologist
In 1905 Binet and Theodore Simon produced the Binet-Simon Scale
The first intelligence test.
Developed the test in 1904 for the Ministry of Public Education in Paris
To identify primary school children whose lack of success in normal classrooms suggested the need for some form of special education

8. Lewis Terman Refined the Binet-Simon Intelligence Test
Developed the Stanford-Binet
Ripe-Early Rot Myth & Terman’s Termintes

9. William Stern IQ= Mental Age X 100 Chronological Age
German psychologist
Studied children's scores on Binet’s test
Developed the idea of the Intelligence quotient in 1912
IQ= Mental Age X 100
Chronological Age

10. Robert Yerkes Introduced intelligence testing to the military
Alpha test
Beta test
Following group testing in World War I, a flood of tests which imitated the army tests were initiated.
After the war, industry, business, and education saw the potential value of psychological testing

11. David Wechler American Psychologist
Worked at Bellevue Hospital in NY City
Developed an IQ test for adults
WAIS
Developed a scale for children
WISC
Developed a scale for Preschool and Primary School children
WPPSI

12. WAIS – III Subscales Verbal Performance Information Comprehension
Arithmetic
Similarities
Digit span
Vocabulary
Performance
Digit symbol
Picture completion
Block design
Picture arrangement
Object assembly

13. The distribution of IQ scores in the general population
Standard Deviation
-4 to -3
-3 to -2
-2 to -1
-1 to 0
0 to +1
+1 to +2
+2 to +3
+3 to +4
 IQ
 40 to 55
55 to 70
70 to 85
85 to 100
100 to 115
115 to 130
130 to 145
145 to 160
 Percent of Population
 0.13%
2.14%
13.59%
34.13%
0.13%
2.27% in the Mentally Impaired Range
13.59% Borderline
68.26% in the Average range
13.59% High Average
2.27% in the "Gifted" range

14. Bias in intelligence testing

15. Bias in intelligence testing
Potential for:
Cultural biases
Test items
Normative biases
Testing situations

16. Summary Individual differences is a cornerstone of modern psychology
Intelligence is an important example of individual differences
The major players in the development of intelligence testing and knowledge used:
Pragmatic need for testing; and
Factor analysis
- The major players can be divided into:
Those who believe in one intelligence
Those who believe in multiple intelligences