1. UNITED STATES TRIES TO CONTAIN SOVIETS Chapter 17 Section 1 Part 2

2. Containment Truman’s foreign policy aimed at blocking Soviet influence and stopping the expansion of communism.  Includes forming alliances and helping weak countries resist communism Truman Doctrine  Support for countries that rejected communism  Ex. Turkey and Greece- $400 million

3. The Marshall Plan Secretary of State George C. Marshall proposed the plan to give needy countries in Europe Provided food, machinery, and other materials to rebuild Europe 12.5 Billion dollars sent to Europe

4. The Berlin Airlift In 1948 the US, Britain, and France decide to withdraw from Germany and reunite the country  Soviet Union responds by holding West Berlin hostage  Soviet Union cuts off all highway, water, and rail traffic into W. Berlin- They face starvation  Stalin believes that they will give up Berlin or give up trying to reunify Germany British and Americans fly supplies in for 11 months. Totaling 278,000 flights  Soviets admit defeat and give up the blockade in May of 1949.

5. Cold War A struggle over political differences carried on by means short of military action or war.  In 1949 the two superpowers used tactics such as espionage, propaganda, diplomacy, and secret operations.  Most other countries allied with one side or the other

6. NATO vs. Warsaw Pact North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO)  A defensive alliance between the US, Canada and 10 Western European countries. Formed in 1949 Warsaw Pact  The Soviet Union’s alliance formed to deal the NATO threat in 1955. Included Most of Eastern Europe  1961 E. Germans build the Berlin Wall- seen as a symbol of the divided world

7. Nuclear War The Cold War threatened to destroy the entire world  1949 USSR test their own A-bomb  The H-Bomb is created by the US and tested in 1952  It is THOUSANDS of times more powerful than A-bomb  Uses Fusion instead of Fission

11. Brinkmanship  the willingness to come to the edge of war  Created by secretary of state John Foster Dulles  Need good military and weapons for this to be successful, so US and USSR have an arms race

12. War in the Skies Cold War paves the way for new science and technology  Space Race- Sputnik  U-2 incident- Francis Gary Powers, spy plane