1. Age of Exploration 1400s-1500s

2. Why did Europeans explore?
Trade w/ Asia
Mongol Empire
Silk Road
Local rulers taxed goods
Ottoman Turks
Conquered Byzantine Empire
Blocked trading posts
Trade w/ Asia
Mongol Empire
They had kept the Silk Road running smooth.
Then the empire collapsed & local rulers taxed their goods so now trade was more expensive
Ottoman Turks
They conquered the Byzantine Empire.
Then they blocked the trading posts used by the European
So what do the Europeans do? How?
Search for a trade route to East Asia without needing to go through the Middle East
Find a way using the Sea

3. What to do now! Search for a trade route to East Asia
Those involved: Portugal, Spain, France, England
Trade w/ Asia
Mongol Empire
They had kept the Silk Road running smooth.
Then the empire collapsed & local rulers taxed their goods so now trade was more expensive
Ottoman Turks
They conquered the Byzantine Empire.
Then they blocked the trading posts used by the European
So what do the Europeans do? How?
Search for a trade route to East Asia without needing to go through the Middle East
Find a way using the Sea

4. How did Europeans Explore?
Technology
Astrolabe: finds latitude
Compass
Rudder: Steering of
ships
Caravels: Ship
with triangular
sails to help travel
faster
Technology
Not computers, phones, and GPS
Astrolabe: helped find latitude
Compass: helped find the Northern direction
Caravels: ships that could sail faster

5. How did they pay for the Expeditions?
Trade
Rulers taxed their people
Portugal, Spain, France,
and England all became
powerful.
Trade in the towns
Rulers taxed their people
The $ was used to build armies and navies
Those with the proper skills could get funded to explore the world for their rulers
Portugal, Spain, France, and England became powerful. Each wanted to find a route to Asia and they all had access to the Atlantic Ocean.

6. How did they learn about geography?
Ptolemy’s map
Printing press spread Ptolemy’s ideas
longitude and latitude.
Geography of East Africa and the Indian Ocean
Al-Idrisi, Arab geographer
Why not find a way around Africa to get to Asia!
Ptolemy’s map was old and inaccurate, but that’s what they used.
The printing press spread Ptolemy’s geography ideas like longitude and latitude.
They learned the geography of East Africa and the Indian Ocean through Al-Idrisi’s (Arab geographer) works.
Why not find a way around Africa to get to Asia!

7. Portugal #1 England & France were fighting
Spain was fighting the Muslims
2nd Spain
3rd England
4th French
Prince Henry the Navigator studied with sailors, cartographers, and shipbuilders at a navigational school he started in 1419.
They mapped Africa’s coastline in 1420 and traded with the people they came in contact with, taking with them control of 3 African islands that had sugarcane
They enslaved the Africans there and made them work the sugar fields.

8. The Portuguese Trading in Asia instead of the Americas
Fought a war against the Muslims in the Indian Ocean & won
Built trading posts in India, China, Japan, the Persian Gulf, and the Moluccas (Spice Islands) of Southeast Asia.
They wanted to continue trading in Asia instead of the Americas.
They fought a war against the Muslims in the Indian Ocean, won, and built trading posts in India, China, Japan, the Persian Gulf, and the Moluccas (Spice Islands) of Southeast Asia.
They were able to control most the Southern Asia’s sea trade.

9. Spain vs. England England (Protestant) didn’t like Spain (Catholic).
The Dutch, who were a part of Spain, also became Protestant & rebelled.
Queen Elizabeth told privateers to attack Spanish ships.
England didn’t like Spain. King Henry VIII broke away from the Catholic Church and divorced his Spanish wife.
The Dutch, who were apart of Spain, also became Protestant. The Spanish tried to stop them in the Netherlands. England came to the Dutch’s rescue.
Queen Elizabeth told privateers to attack Spanish ships and bring back the gold

10. Spain vs. England Spain’s King Philip II was mad Spanish Armada 1588.
Too big for the English Channel
The English ships were able to move faster,
attack the Armada, and get away fast.
Storm broke up the fleet.
The English won, and felt powerful against the Spanish. This gave the English and Dutch the boost they needed to start exploring, too.
Spain’s King Philip II was mad and sent a fleet called the Spanish Armada to invade England in 1588.
The Armada was in the English Channel with large ships, equipped for a fight, but the ships were too big to steer in the Channel. The English ships were able to ship faster, attack the Armada, and get away fast.
The Armada got away, too, but a storm came and broke up the fleet.
The English won, and felt powerful against the Spanish. This gave the English and Dutch the boost they needed to start exploring, too.

11. French Exploring stopped. Protestants & Catholics started fighting.
Giovanni da Verrazano mapped North Carolina all the way to Newfoundland in 1524, but he didn’t find Asia.
Jacques Cartier sailed in 1534 passed Newfoundland into the St. Lawrence River. He tried two more times, but didn’t find much else.
Exploring stopped because the Protestants and Catholics in France started fighting.

12. How to get rich
Mercantilism- a country gains power by building up its gold and silver
Mercantilists believed they could do this by exportation (selling to other countries) rather than simply importing (buying) goods.
They believed in setting up colonies. On these settlements people lived and produced goods for their country that they didn’t have at home.
Ex: 13 colonies controlled by the British

13. Mercantilism encourages trade and colonies
Europeans wanted to gain access and control of goods they liked
Colonies
Spain colonized Philippines
England and France colonized India
Netherlands colonized Indonesia

14. Joint-Stock Company
Commerce- buying & selling of goods in large amounts over long distances
Buy a bunch of goods.
Store the goods
Later, ship goods
Entrepreneurs invested (put money into) business projects.
They formed a Joint-Stock Company when projects were large.
People invest in the project by buying a share (stock) of the company.

15. Cottage Industry How to make a profit
Buy goods cheap
Sell goods for more money
Merchants were upset because goods were too expensive to buy.
Asked peasants to help.
Peasants were happy for work
1 major good was wool
Peasants could work from home in their cottages

16. Columbian Exchange
Global exchange: people shared ideas, goods, diseases
Named after Columbus
North/Central American foods and animals
South American Foods and animals
European, African, and Asian foods and animals
Corn, tomatoes, potatoes, beans, squash
Chili peppers, peanuts, chocolate, tobacco
Wheat, oats, barley, rye, rice, bananas, sugarcane, coffee, oranges
Pigs, sheep, cattle, chickens, horses
Hepatitis, polio, syphilis
Smallpox, measles, malaria, tuberculosis, influenza
Malaria- a parasitic disease that involves high fevers, shaking chills, flu-like symptoms, and anemia.

17. Reasons Behind Exploration
Trade: Western Europe wanted to trade with the far East & the silk road was blocked by the Turks
Christianity: Explain Christianity beyond the Muslim Empire & missionaries try to convert inferior people whom they conquered over
How It Was Possible
Big Tariffs (taxes) to pay for the expeditions to search for new routes around Asia
New methods of navigation and ships

18. Quiz Why did Europeans start exploring?
What four European countries began exploring first?
How were expeditions funded?
What was the Columbian Exchange?
Define invest.