1. Europeans Build Empires in South & Southeast Asia
Portugal, Netherlands & Spain

2. Portugal First European power to gain a foothold in Asia
Do you remember who was there 1st?
Ships were small & fast
Superior firepower helped to win control of the Indian Ocean spice trade

3. Building an Empire in the East
Afonso de Albuquerque – Portuguese commander in India
Mughal Empire controlled most of India
Local princes in southern regions
The Plan
Manipulate the princes
Remove the Mughal
Make Indian Ocean a “Portuguese Lake”

5. Portuguese Trading Outposts
1510 – seized island of Goa
Military & trading base
Burned coastal towns & crushed Arab fleets
1511 – seized port of Malacca
Massacred Muslims
Portugal had built a trade empire in less than 50 years
Used these cities as outposts to resupply & repair ships
Controlled spice trade between Europe & Asia

6. Not So Fast!!
A lack of resources and a great deal of resistance prevented Portugal from completely controlling the area
Attacked Muslims & Hindus in an attempt to convert them to Christianity
The Dutch would then compete for Asian trade

7. Here come the Dutch! 1599 – ships returns from Asia
Pepper, cloves, spices
Netherlands soon became a leader in European trade
Settlement in Cape Town (South Africa) led the way to the east

8. Dutch East India Company
Formed in 1602 by wealthy Dutch merchants
No government control – DEIC dominates the region
Builds armies  wages war on natives
Negotiates treaties
Governs territories

9. Why was the VOC this powerful?
Speculate why the VOC was so powerful….
Why was the VOC this powerful?

10. Dutch Dominance 1641 – Captured Malacca from Portugal
Monopolized the Spice Islands
Used military force but kept close ties with local rulers
1700s – Dutch trade empire on the decline
Maintained empire until 1948

11. Spain gets in the mix
Magellan had claimed Philippines for Spain in 1521
Would conquer and colonize
Named after King Philip II
Tried to convert Filipinos to Christianity
Shipped silver from Americas to Philippines to trade with China

12. An end to the Mughal Began in 1520s
Europeans amazed by the luxury items
Spices, textiles, silk and cotton
Granted trading rights to Europeans
Empire weakened over time (civil war, corruption, death of powerful rulers)
England and France built competing companies & fought for power
Mid 1700s – British East India Company forces out the French
England soon rules India directly

14. Answer these… Welcome!! ;-)
How did European nations build empires in South and Southeast Asia? (process)
Why would the Portuguese not attempt to conquer inland territory?
What about the location of the Philippines made them valuable to the Spanish?
Mughal Empire would grant trade rights to several European countries. What does that say about the power of those countries?