1. After the Crusades, Europeans want Asian goods Causes of Exploration
Italy dominates trade because it
Developed a network during the Crusades
Effect
cause
Other European nations want a share of Italy’s profit
Effect
cause
Other nations seek a water route to Asia
Effect

2. Causes and Effects of the Discovery of a Sea Route to Asia
Several factors led to a discovery of a sea route from Europe to Asia
Causes
Financial backing from Prince Henry the Navigator
New Technology (caravel & astrolabe)
Seeking financial gains
Converting people to Christianity
Curiosity
Effects
Discovery of a sea route to Asia
Contact with distant lands
Awareness of different cultures

3. Why would you make such a voyage?
Chapter 2.1 Suppose you are an explorer in the 1500s. You are outfitting your ship for an ocean voyage. What will you need? Write a list.
Why would you make such a voyage?

4. The 3 G’s, Global Trade, and how it all began . . .
European Exploration
The 3 G’s, Global Trade, and how it all began . . .

5. What is a monopoly, and are they good for consumers? Why, or why not?
LT: Explain the economic & religious reasons for exploration and colonization of the Americas.
What is a monopoly, and are they good for consumers? Why, or why not?

6. Economic Principle of the “Middle Man” Granola Bar $1.00 at the deli
Costco (Wholesale)
I’m hungry!
Deli (Retail)
Therefore, what does it mean, economics, to “skip the middle man”?
$14.00 for a box of 18 at Costco
Granola Bar $1.00 at the deli
You can save money by buying wholesale prices, instead of retail.
How much money would you save if you bought a box of granola bars from Costco?
How much would it cost you to buy 18 granola bars at the deli?
$18.00
$4.00

7. “Skipping the Middle Man”
Retail: granola bars cost $18.00
Wholesale: granola bars cost $13.74

8. Estoy cansado de pagar a los italianos tan altos precios por los productos de Asia!
Moi aussi!

9. Europeans were tired of paying the Italians high prices for Asian products. What did they do about it?
Europeans began “skipping the middle man”, sailing directly to Asia to buy their products at a lower price.

10. European Exploration What were they thinking?
Mercantilism – a nation exports more than it imported
to build up it’s wealth.

11. European Exploration: Motivations
The 3 G’s - Gold, God, and Glory

12. European Exploration : Motivations (1)
Gold: They wanted wealth of their own!
SOURCES OF WEALTH:
- Spain = Mexico & South America for silver and gold.
England = North America for natural resources
Africa for manual labor
- France = Also North America – what resources?
Furs!

13. European Exploration : The 3 Gs
God: Spread Christianity through the
work of missionaries

14. European Exploration : Motivations
Glory: To build an empire for the King
& Country – source of power

15. Colonies Why did Europeans colonize the Americas?
Colonies were needed to strengthen the mother
country’s economy & treasury
A – To produce CASH CROPS , like sugar and tobacco…
B – For RAW MATERIALS to build items back in the mother country.
Example - America has tall trees – LUMBER for ship masts!
C – As new MARKETS to sell finished products.
ALL goods and
materials went to
the mother country

16. European Exploration : Technology
What allowed the Europeans to cross oceans?
By the 1400s Portugal is building good ships, and
making accurate sea charts.
With the use of the compass “borrowed” from the
Chinese and the Astrolabe, the Portuguese are
able to navigate well.
Combining old designs together the Portuguese were
able to make a small, fast, and maneuverable ship
design…

17. European Exploration : Colonies
What was the effect on the American Natives?
The Spanish and Portuguese are the first to the Caribbean, primarily for sugar – a CASH CROP
The Europeans brought diseases
with them that the Native
Americans did not have immunities
against…
With no Native Americans to work
the sugar fields, where do you find
workers?... African slaves

18. European Exploration : Slavery
By 1550 the Portuguese were sending
15,000 slaves per year to the
Americas and Europe.
The English, French, and Dutch
see profit in this, so they join in…
The central African nations provided
the slaves.
- Wars between tribes resulted
- European guns provided more…

19. European Exploration : Slavery
The Africans were packed onto ships for the MIDDLE PASSAGE
- They planned on losing 20% enroute
- Some of these were suicides.
The slaves were first brought to the
West Indies in the Caribbean for
“seasoning”. Those that survived the
tough sugar plantation life were
sent to North America.
The average lifespan for an African
in the Caribbean was 3 years…

20. The Columbian Exchange
Christopher Columbus unknowingly set in motion an exchange
of goods between Europe and the Americas that would become
known as the Columbian Exchange.
The exchange involved:
- Plants
- Foods
- Crops
- Animals
- Human populations
- DISEASES!!!
Overall, the Columbian Exchange increased world populations…
1500=425m, 1600=545m, 1700=610m, 1800=900m
Today ? OVER 6 BILLION

21. The Columbian Exchange
From Europe:
Wheat
Horses
Cattle
Pigs
Sheep
Goats
Chickens
From the Americas:
Maize
Potatoes
Beans
Tomatoes
Peppers
Peanuts
Pineapples…

22. Emerging Global Trade For the first time Africa, Asia, Eurasia, , AND
the Americas were connected in global trade.

23. European Exploration : Global Trade
The 4 Corners of the World
Provides Resources like
lumber, sugar, tobacco…
Need Resources
Manufacture goods
Provide slave ships
#2 – North
America
#1 - Europe
ALL of the profits
went to Europe…
#3 – West
Africa
#4 - Caribbean
Provides the human
labor (slaves).
Provides gold, silver,
ivory, cotton, grain…
Provides sugar, rum,
coffee, indigo, cotton.
Profits from these products
drive the system…