1. The US Constitution was founded on 5 principles
Federalism
The US Constitution was founded on 5 principles
What was the goal?
To make a country that would exist forever!

2. 5 Principles of Constitution

3. Let’s Focus on Federalism
The division of power between State and National Governments
Best of both worlds…. Sort of.
How does it work?
The National Government has the “supreme power” over all of the states
BUT, states have rights guaranteed to them as well.

4. 3 Types of Organization Unitary System Confederal System
Federal government makes all decisions
Lower levels must do what they are told
Confederal System
Federal government is very weak
Usually only has 1 branch
State governments are powerful
States only work together towards common goals
Federal System
Federal Government shares powers with lower governments

5. Powers of the federal government given by the Constitution
Expressed powers
Powers written specifically in the Constitution
Implied powers
Powers that are suggested in the Constitution by the expressed powers
Inherent
Powers that naturally belong to any government of a sovereign nation.

6. Expressed Powers
Powers that the Constitution specifically grants to the federal government
Examples:
Article I, Section 8
Lists expressed powers of the legislative branch
Make laws
Regulate trade
Declare war, etc.
Article II, Section 2
POTUS is the Commander in Chief
Article III, Section 2
Supreme Court has final say on all cases concerning Constitutional rights.

7. Implied Powers
Powers suggested by the expressed powers of the US Constitution
Examples:
Article I, Section 8
Gives Congress power “to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper”
Necessary to ensure they can do their job.
Sometimes called the elastic clause
Allows Congress to ‘stretch’ its authority in ways not specifically granted or denied

8. Inherent Powers
Powers that naturally belong to any sovereign government
Not mentioned directly in the Constitution
Examples:
Right for our government to deal with other foreign affairs
Such as United Nations, NATO, etc.

9. Powers Given to State Governments by the US Constitution
Reserved Powers
Powers given directly to state governments
Examples:
Regulate trade within a state
Establish local governments
Conduct local elections
Establish public school systems

10. Powers shared by federal and state governments
Concurrent Powers
Powers possessed by both federal and state governments.
Examples:
Both federal and states can:
Establish and enforce laws
Collect taxes
Borrow money

11. State Obligations to One Another
Article IV, Section 1
Full Faith and Credit clause
Requires that states normally honor the public acts and judicial decisions that take place in another state.
Article IV, Section 2
Privileges and Immunities clause
States cannot discriminate against someone from another state or gives its own residents special privileges
Can we think of issues where this is not the case?

12. What about local governments?
Local governments are not mentioned in the U.S. Constitution
They are created by state governments
Created to make states run more conveniently
Usually labeled by county or parish
Some large cities are outlined
Home rule
Some powers are delegated by the state to local level governments to manage its own affairs
City laws
Public works
Basic public services

13. As a review… Powers within the Constitution Expressed powers
Implied powers
Inherent powers
Reserved powers
Concurrent powers
Defeat all Commies!!!