1. Ancient Greece B.C.E.

2. Objectives
Analyze the significance of festivals & sports in ancient Greece
Identify Socrates, Plato, & Aristotle
Summarize Alexander’s conquests and their impact on future cultures

3. Greek geography Mountainous Communities independently
What does this mean for the people?
Diverse
Fought

4. Technology results from necessity
Cities located on many seas - developed navy for?
Trading
Security

5. Technology results from scarcity
Need fresh water.
How do you get it?
Aqueduct
Terracing

6. TERMS TO LEARN POLIS: city-state Importance Center of Greek life
The good of the polis was the center of G life
ACROPOLIS: high fortified area of Athens & site of the Parthenon (temple to the gods)
AGORA: marketplace, center of the city's civic life.

8. Mo Terms – YO! ARISTOCRATS: Member of ruling class or nobility
OLIGARCHY: A gov’t.: all power is given to a few persons; gov’t. by the few.
CONSTITUTION: basic principles which a nation or state is governed.
MERCENARIES: a professional soldier hired to serve in a foreign army.
Totalitarian: centralized govt.: doesn’t tolerate parties of differing opinion & has dictator control over aspects of life.

9. Greek Inventions Dice. The crane. Original Olympiads
BBC - Schools - Ancient Greece Olympics

10. Greek Architecture Invented arches & columns.
Took advanced mathematics.

11. Greek Military Catapult Throw 300 pound stones
Hoplite: Infantry soldier.
Middle-class freemen: paid for own weapon & shield.
Phalanx: Soldiers in a tight box.
They each have a large shield and a 9 foot long spear.

12. Religion = polytheistic.
What is the location of this picture?
Name some Greek gods.

13. Citizenship Born outside Greece = ????? Citizens could: Vote
Fight in Army
Hold office
Speak for themselves in court

14. ATHENS Solon (statesman & lawmaker) set up 1st Athenian Constitution
Citizenship was offered to everyone
Citizen at 18yrs.
508bc 1st democratic gov’t. setup

15. Athenian Democracy
Direct democracy: where the people do not elect representatives to vote on their behalf, but vote on legislation and executive bills in their own right.
Cleisthenes: a noble Athenian.
Credited with reforming the constitution of ancient Athens and setting it on a democratic footing.
For these accomplishments, historians refer to him as "the father of Athenian democracy."

16. Political: Athens was the first democracy.
government where people vote.
Athens: direct democracy
where people vote on everything.
The U.S.: representative democracy
we vote for people to make decisions for us.

17. Direct participation was the key to Athenian democracy.
In the Assembly, every male citizen was:
Able to attend
Debate
Offer amendments
Vote for war or peace
All male citizens were allowed to participate in gov’t decisions.

18. Athenians
Tough, but engage in activities like:
art
philosophy
music

19. Political terms All of Greece not a democracy.
Most of Greece was a monarchy:
king / queen.
King Minos of Crete

20. Sparta Sparta oligarchy: Ruled by a few They had 2 kings
Sparta isolated from Athens
Why?
How?
culturally & politically
Sparta oligarchy:
Ruled by a few
They had 2 kings

21. Sparta - greatest military power in Greece
Obsessed with war.
Only goal: Military Strength
Boys military school at young age.
In army from 7-60 yrs.
Boys: born deformed left to die on mountainside
Sparta Helots (slaves) farmed
At the height of its power (400 BC) the Greek city of Sparta had 500,000 slaves and only 25,000 citizens.

22. SPA Scholars- to know is power
Pericles prominent & influential statesman & orator in Athens. Promoted the arts & lit.
Socrates was a Greek philosopher Socrates - Encyclopedia channel
- Taught by asking questions

23. Plato & Aristotle Plato Aristotle Founder of the Academy
the 1st institution of higher learning.
Helped lay the foundations of natural philosophy & science.
Plato - Encyclopedia channel
Aristotle
student of Plato & teacher of Alexander the Great.
Wrote on many subjects, including:
Physics, biology & zoology
Poetry, theater, music
Logic & rhetoric
Politics & gov’t.

24. People of Greece Homer legendary epic poet author:
The Iliad: recounted the final year of the Trojan War.
Tells of the battle of Achilles vs. King Agamemnon.
The Odyssey: centers on hero Odysseus & his long journey home following the fall of Troy.

25. The Trojan War
A quarrel b/w goddesses Athena, Hera & Aphrodite, after Eris, gave them a golden apple.
Zeus sent goddesses to Paris - judged Aphrodite as "fairest“ = received apple.
In exchange, Aphrodite made Helen "the face that launched a thousand ships,” the most beautiful of all women and wife of Menelaus, fall in love w/Paris, who took her to Troy.
Against the city of Troy b/c Paris of Troy stole Helen from her husband Menelaus, the king of Sparta.
Many heroes died and the city fell to the ruse of the Trojan Horse.
The war is 1 of the most important events in Greek mythology.

26. Persian War!!! Battle of Thermopylae
300 Spartans & 7000 other Greeks (who retreated) leaving only 300 Spartans-led by King Leonidas of Sparta, resisted a much larger Persian forces, but were ultimately defeated.
Persians broke Spartan phalanx after a Greek called Ephialtes betrayed his country; told the Persians of another pass around the mountains.
After Thermopylae, Athens was captured and the Athenians and Spartans were driven back to their last line of defense
490bc the word “Nike” (goddess of victory) 1st used upon defeat of the Persians

28. Delian League Athenian alliance
After Persian Wars: military organization directed to defend the Greeks against enemies, but used by Pericles to make an Athenian empire.
The Spartans launched the Peloponnesian War to force the Athenians to give up the Delian League.

30. DECLINE OF THE CITY-STATES
Post Peloponnesian War, Greeks lost sense of community. Only wanted to make $$$$
Sparta ruled all of Greece now
City-States were weakened
Greece finally conquered by Phillip II of Macedonia.
Phillip unifies all of Greece for the 1st time.

31. To be a great leader is to know when to follow
Philip II of Macedon
Wanted to Unite all of Greece
Father of Alexander the Great.
Alexander the Great, was an Ancient Greek king of Macedon.

32. Alexander the Great From Macedonia. Favorite book:
Territory north of Greece
Which means he is not actually what?
Favorite book:
Homer’s Iliad
Why would Alex like the Iliad?
Brilliant military strategist.

33. Alexander conquered:. - Persian/Egyptian/Sumerian/Indian empire
Alexander conquered: - Persian/Egyptian/Sumerian/Indian empire. Controlled largest empire the world has ever seen. Alexander spread culture: Hellenism (fancy word for Greek)