1. General Military Training-Terrorism1-3-1 Terrorism

2. General Military Training-Terrorism1-3-2 Terrorism Is Theatre As stated by Brian Jenkins - terrorism expert - terrorist acts are often deliberately spectacular, designed to rattle and influence a wide audience, beyond the victims of the violence itself.

3. General Military Training-Terrorism1-3-3 The Terrorism Picture I New York City- Jan 24, 1975 Beirut, Lebanon- Apr 18, 1983 Beirut, Lebanon- Oct 23, 1983 Beirut, Lebanon- June 14, 1985 Ireland- June 23, 1985

4. General Military Training-Terrorism1-3-4 The Terrorism Picture II Locerbie, Scotland- Dec 21, 1988 New York City- Feb 26, 1993 Manila, Philippines- Jan 1995 Oklahoma City- Apr 19, 1995 Tokyo, Japan- March 1995

5. General Military Training-Terrorism1-3-5 The Terrorism Picture III Dharan, Saudi Arabia- June 25, 1996 Nairobi, Kenya, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania- Aug 7, 1998 Canada- Dec 1999 Aden, Yemen- Oct 12, 2000 New York City and Arlington, VA- Sept 11, 2001

6. General Military Training-Terrorism1-3-6 Common Terrorist Organizations National Liberation Army Palestine Islamic Jihad Popular Liberation Front Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine Revolutionary People’s Liberation Party/Front Al Queda Armed Islamic Group Japanese Red Army Al-Jihad

7. General Military Training-Terrorism1-3-7 FBI Definition... the unlawful use of force and violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives.

8. General Military Training-Terrorism1-3-8 Department of Defense Definition... the calculated use of violence or threat of violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological.

9. General Military Training-Terrorism1-3-9 State Department Definition... an activity, directed against persons involving violent acts or acts dangerous to human life which would be a criminal violation if committed within the jurisdiction of the U.S.; and is intended to intimidate or coerce a civilian population; to influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion; or to affect the conduct of a government by assassination or kidnapping…to include the use of certain weapons of mass destruction.

10. General Military Training-Terrorism1-3-10 Terrorism is A specific type of violence. Perpetrated. Calculated. Motivated by political, religious, or ideological objectives. Intended to produce fear. Carried out by subnational groups.

11. General Military Training-Terrorism1-3-11 United Nations’ Definition... all war crimes will be considered acts of terrorism, in which case most every government in the world has committed terrorism, though few have ever faced justice or were even disgraced for doing so.

12. General Military Training-Terrorism1-3-12 Terrorism or Acts of War “One man’s terrorist is another man’s freedom fighter.

13. General Military Training-Terrorism1-3-13 Types of Terrorism Nationalist Religious State-sponsored Left-wing Right-wing Anarchist Terrorism can be either domestic or international.

14. General Military Training-Terrorism1-3-14 Nationalist Terrorism Seek to form a separate state for their own national group, often by drawing attention to a fight for “national liberation” that they think the world has ignored. Example groups include Irish Republican Army, Palestine Liberation Organization, Basque Fatherland and Liberty, and Kurdistan Workers’ Party

15. General Military Training-Terrorism1-3-15 Religious Terrorism Seek to use violence to further what they see as divinely commanded purposes, often targeting broad categories of foes in an attempt to bring about sweeping changes. Examples include Osama bin Laden’s al- Queda network, Palestinian Sunni Muslim organization Hamas, Lebanese Shiite group Hezbollah, and some American white- supermacist militias

16. General Military Training-Terrorism1-3-16 State-Sponsored Terrorism Deliberately used by radical states as foreign policy tools. State Department says Iran is the primary state sponsor of terrorism today. Examples include Hezbollah backed by Iran, Abu Nibal Organization backed by Iraq, Japanese Red Army that often work on contracts for Libya

17. General Military Training-Terrorism1-3-17 Left-Wing Terrorism Out to destroy capitalism and replace it with a communist or socialist regime. Examples include Baader-Meinhof Group (Germany), Japanese Red Army (Lebanon), The Weathermen (America 1970s), and Red Brigades (Italy)

18. General Military Training-Terrorism1-3-18 Right-Wing Terrorism Seek to do away with liberal democratic governments and create fascist states in their place. Examples include neo- Nazi or Neofascist terrorist groups.

19. General Military Training-Terrorism1-3-19 Anarchist Terrorism Revolutionaries seek to overthrow established governments launched a wave of bombing and assassinated a series of heads of state. Leon Czolgosz, anarchist who assassinated President William McKinley in 1901.

20. General Military Training-Terrorism1-3-20 Domestic Terrorism Involves groups or individuals who are based and operate entirely within the United States or its territories without foreign direction and whose acts are directed at elements of the U.S. Government or population. Examples include Timothy McVeigh (right- wing), The World Church of the Creator (right- wing), Aryan Nations (right-wing), Popular Puerto Rican Army (left- wing), and Los Macheteros (left-wing).

21. General Military Training-Terrorism1-3-21 Special Interest Terrorism Involves extremist special interest groups who seek to influence special issues, rather than effect widespread political change. Examples include Eric Robert Rudolph, Army of God, extremists of animal rights, pro-life, environmental, and anti-nuclear groups.

22. General Military Training-Terrorism1-3-22 Three Categories of Motivation Rational Psychological Cultural

23. General Military Training-Terrorism1-3-23 Suicide Terrorism Is not new. Has evolved over the years. Has reemerged with a vengeance. Is becoming more common.

24. General Military Training-Terrorism1-3-24 The Suicide Terrorist Is not necessarily crazy. Does not necessarily fit a common profile. Can be female. Rarely works alone.

25. General Military Training-Terrorism1-3-25 Terrorist Organization Terrorists organize to function in the environments where they carry out their acts. Terrorist groups that are not supported by a government usually create a support structure of sympathizers and people who have been coerced into helping them.

26. General Military Training-Terrorism1-3-26 Contemporary Terrorist Actions Assassinations Bombings Arson Hostage-taking Hijacking Kidnapping Seizure and occupation of a building Attacks on a facility Sabotage Perpetration of hoaxes Ecological terrorism Nuclear, biological, chemical weapons and materials.

27. General Military Training-Terrorism1-3-27 Combating Terrorism Antiterrorism is defensive measures used to reduce the vulnerability of individuals and property to terrorist acts, to include limited response and containment by local military forces. Counterterrorism involves those offensive measures taken to prevent, deter, and respond to terrorism.

28. General Military Training-Terrorism1-3-28 U.S. Counterterrorism Policy First, make no concessions to terrorists and strike no deals. Second, bring terrorists to justice for their crimes. Third, isolate and apply pressure on states that sponsor terrorism to force them to change their behavior. Fourth, bolster the counterterrorism capabilities of those countries that work with the U.S. and require assistance.

29. General Military Training-Terrorism1-3-29 Terrorism in the Future Higher than ever levels of violence. Although technology aids in the defense against terrorism, it also provides terrorists with increased opportunities. –Ecological disasters –Chemical weapons –Weapons of mass destruction

30. General Military Training-Terrorism1-3-30 The Target May Be You As US military personnel you will continue to be targets for terrorists for the same reason we have in the past. Collectively and individually, we symbolize US power.

31. General Military Training-Terrorism1-3-31 Core Values and Terrorism Honor –Stand strong in the face of adversity when dealing with terrorism and terrorist acts. Courage –Rationally combat any threats or acts of terrorism. Commitment –Eradicate all terrorism when and where possible.

32. General Military Training-Terrorism1-3-32 Summary Defined terrorism. Types of terrorism. Motivation for terrorists. Suicide terrorism. Terrorist organization. Combating terrorism. Terrorism in the future. Navy Core Values.

33. General Military Training-Terrorism1-3-33 References DoD Directive O-2000, DoD Combating Terrorism Program SECNAVINST 3300.2 U.S. Code Title 18 Chapter 113B http://www.history.navy.mil/library/guides/terrorism http://web.nps.navy.mil/~library/terrorism.htm http://faculty.ncwc.edu http://www.state.gov http://www.cqpress.com