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A cappella Kim Brow Geography 433 March 20, 2014.

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1 A cappella Kim Brow Geography 433 March 20, 2014

2 Overview Definition Evolution – Church hymns – Barbershop – Collegiate Contemporary A Cappella – Course Themes

3 Definition Creating music without the use of instruments. Whistling and snapping is also used. It is a style as opposed to a genre of music. All genres can be performed in a cappella style. A cappella is an Italian word which refers to music performed “in the style of the chapel”

4 Evolution A cappella first documented in 15 th Century Europe Christian hymns. Term was originally coined to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato styles but was then given its current definition in the 1800s. Composers specifically wrote in this style for wroship since many churches ban the use of instrumentation Slowly declined as instrumentation was permitted Jewish and Islamic religions also used this style in worship – Jewish- Sefirah – Muslim - Nasheed Church Hymn https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D8a-LYXVLnQhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D8a-LYXVLnQ

5 Barbershop Quartet Four part vocal harmonies Began in late 1800s among the African American men who would socialize and harmonize while they waited their turn at the barbershop 1930 saw barbershop revival, 1938 was the formation of the first formal men's barbershop organization Barbershop Harmony Society. 1945 – Women's organization Sweet Adelines formed Boston Common – Who Told You https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vg4cFVWvzIs The Ragtime Girls (Jimmy Fallon) – Ignition (remix) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2LiFsdrXF4https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2LiFsdrXF4

6 USA Collegiate A Cappella Yale Wiffenpoofs-1909 1940s and 50s saw a major growth in collegiate groups in American universities Gained popularity in 1990s when beatboxing was introduced

7 Commercialization and Role of Mass Media Gained popularity through mass media. The Sing Off (2009) a televised reality a cappella singing competition Glee Season 2 &3 (2010/11) featured an a cappella group The Warblers Pitch Perfect (2012) is a movie about collegiate a cappella competition Jimmy Fallon (2013) has also done covers of songs on his late night show (ie Miley Cyrus)

8 Examples The Kings Singers- Duke Ellington https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kxpi8WQxD m4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kxpi8WQxD m4 Glee Warblers – Teenage Dream https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRPqaclf6B w https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRPqaclf6B w Daichi – Beatboxer https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cfr7JNicojk& list=PLMSQMaplw_8YbVgkL3DIXNWOXgKBIRpkK https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cfr7JNicojk& list=PLMSQMaplw_8YbVgkL3DIXNWOXgKBIRpkK

9 Adaptation/Innovation No longer need instruments to form a band. If you can imitate the sounds of instruments New way to arrange songs Bands achieve fame or success from utilizing this style to cover popular songs (ie Pentatonix)

10 Instruments and Recording Technology Shift in instruments. A cappella was originally harmonies. Modern a cappella uses vocals to recreate the sound of the instruments People are making one man a cappella groups (ie Mike Tompkins)

11 Technologies of Communication YouTube is a huge resource. It is a place for artists to share their music with a broad audience. (ie Smooth McGroove) Pentatonix regularly post covers Many competitions are posted here Great way to share music (not just a cappella) with many people Smooth McGroove – Super Mario World https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ndiD8V7zpAshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ndiD8V7zpAs

12 Other A cappella Artists The Nylons – Canadian Band http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZQN87SEXKds http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZQN87SEXKds The Skyliners – 50s-70s http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jO7NDrojlwA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jO7NDrojlwA Pentatonix –Evolution of Music https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lExW80sXsHs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lExW80sXsHs Duwende, Naturally 7 Synth000, Van Canto – Metal GQ- Women’s Barbershop Quartet https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dawvJWpfBD8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dawvJWpfBD8

13 References Acapella. Wikipedia CASA. 2009. A Cappella 101: Welcome To The World Of Vocal Music. Retreived March 2 2014 from: http://www.casa.org/node/6160http://www.casa.org/node/6160 Wright, David. Barbershop Harmony. Retreived March 17 2014 from: http://www.acappellafoundation.org/essay/wrig ht.html http://www.acappellafoundation.org/essay/wrig ht.html All Music Clips from YouTube All images from Google Images

14 QUESTIONS? Thank you

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