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Ethics in Social Research
Chapter 3 Ethics in Social Research
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What are Research Ethics?
Ethics guide behavior and decisions Ethics guide us through a range of concerns, dilemmas, and conflicts Social researchers have a clear moral And professional obligation to behave in an ethical manner 2
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Why Be Ethical? Scientific community demands ethical behavior without exceptions Scientific misconduct Research fraud Plagiarism Unethical but legal 3
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Figure 3.1: Typology of Legal and Moral Actions in Social Research
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Expansion Box 3.1: Informed Consent
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Ethical Issues Involving Research Participants
Origins of Research Participant Protection Tuskegee Syphilis Study Physical Harm, Psychological Abuse, and Legal Jeopardy Physical Harm Psychological Abuse, Stress, or Loss of Self- Esteem 6
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Ethical Issues Involving Research Participants
Legal Harm Other Harm to Participants Deception Principle of voluntary consent Informed Consent Special Populations and New Inequalities Avoid Creating New Inequalities 7
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Ethical Issues Involving Research Participants
Privacy, Anonymity, and Confidentiality Privacy Anonymity Confidentiality Information as property Mandated Protections National Research Act (1974) 8
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Ethical Issues Involving Research Participants
Institutional review board Three Ethical Controversies Milgram’s obedience study Humphreys’s tearoom trade study Zimbardo’s prison experiment 9
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Research Precautions Consult with mental health professionals & others who have conducted similar studies Screen out high-risk populations Obtain written informed consent (to be discussed) before the research Monitor conditions & arrange emergency interventions if dangerous situations arise 10
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Nuremberg Code 11
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Expansion Box 3.2: Basic Principles of Ethical Social Research
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Ethics and the Sponsors of Research
Whistle-blowing Arriving at particular findings Limits on how to conduct studies Suppressing findings Concealing sponsorship 13
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Politics of Research Limits to what is studied
Objectivity and value freedom Objective Value free Unbiased 14
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Expansion Box 3.3: What Is Public Sociology?
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