1. Chapter 1 Matter - Physical and Chemical Properties

2. What is Matter? Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space
You and everything around you are made up of matter
Examples of matter are – air, plastic, metal, wood, glass, paper, and cloth
Can anyone tell me what type matter could make this sound?

3. What isn’t Matter? Does light or heat have mass or take up space?
Light and heat do not take up space, and they have no mass
Therefore, they are not forms of matter
Emotions, thoughts, and ideas are not matter either

4. Properties of Matter
Matter can have many different properties, or characteristics
Materials can be hard or soft, rough or smooth, hot or cold, liquid, solid, or gas
Chemistry is the study of the properties of matter and how matter changes

5. What is Substance? The properties of matter depends on its makeup
Some types of matter are substances and some are not
A substance is a single kind of matter that is pure – it always has a specific composition and a specific set of properties
Example is salt – no matter where it comes from – seawater or a salt mine – it always has the same composition and properties

6. Two types of Properties
Every form of matter has 2 kinds of properties – physical and chemical
For example:
A physical property of oxygen (O2) is that it is a gas at room temperature
A chemical property of oxygen (O2) is that it reacts with iron to form rust

7. Physical Properties of Matter
The physical properties of matter help to identify and classify matter in its different forms
A physical property is a characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance
For example:
A physical property of water is that it freezes at a temperature of O0C
When liquid water freezes it changes to solid ice, but it is still water

8. Liquid and Frozen Water

9. Other Physical Properties of Matter
Hardness, texture, and color are some other physical properties of matter
States of matter such as, solid, liquid, gas, or plasma is another physical property
Whether or not a substance dissolves in water is also a physical property. For example, sugar will dissolve in water, but iron will not
You can see that sugar would dissolve in water, but iron would not because of their physical properties

10. Classifying Matter using Physical Properties
Physical properties can be used to identify, separate, and classify substances
For example, two properties of metals are luster and the ability to conduct heat and electricity
Some, metals, such has iron, are magnetized – they can be attracted to a magnet

11. Classifying Matter using Physical Properties
Metals are also malleable which means they are flexible and can be hammered, pressed, or rolled into thin sheets without breaking
Many metals are ductile, which means they can be drawn into wires. Copper is an example of a metal that can be made into wires
Other materials such as glass, brick, and concrete will break if you try to bend them or press them thinner

12. Chemical Properties of Matter
Unlike physical properties of matter, some properties can’t be observed just by looking at or touching a substance
A chemical property is a characteristic of a pure substance that describes its ability to change into different substances
To observe the chemical properties of a substance, you must try to change it to another substance

13. Classifying Matter Using Chemical Properties
Like physical properties, chemical properties can be used to classify substances
For example, a chemical property of methane (natural gas) is that it can catch fire and burn in the air
When it burns, it combines with oxygen in the air and forms new substances, like water and carbon dioxide
Burning or flammability is a chemical property of methane, as well as, the substances in wood or gasoline

14. Chemical Property Burning Wood
Wood fuels a fire, producing heat, gases, and ash

15. Other Chemical Properties
One chemical property of iron is that it will combine slowly with oxygen in the air to from a different substance – rust
Silver will react with sulfur in the air to form tarnish
In contrast a chemical property of gold is that it does not react easily with oxygen or sulfur