1. Cultural Dimension Theory

2. What is cultural dimension theory?

3. This theory is used to understand the differences among cultures.

4. How can we use this theory?

5. It can help to understand the people…

6. …how they think…

7. …how they approach others.

8. Hofstede's Cultural Dimension Theory Image source: http://references4u.blogspot.com/2012/07/hofstede-cultural-dimension-theory.html

9. Power Distance THE DEGREE OF INEQUALITY

10. Summary It is used to measure the equality or inequality among people in a society.

11. Types There are two types: High power distance Low power distance

12. Examples High power distanceLow power distance Respect for authorityRespect for individuality

13. Examples High power distanceLow power distance Everyone has specific placeNo set hierarchy

14. Examples High power distanceLow power distance Wide salary range Narrow salary range

15. Countries Example High power distanceLow power distance Malaysia Arab countries Russia India China Japan Australia Canada

16. Hofstede's Cultural Dimension Theory Image source: http://references4u.blogspot.com/2012/07/hofstede-cultural-dimension-theory.html

17. Individualism - Collectivism THE STRENGTH OF THE TIES PEOPLE HAVE

18. Summary It focuses on relationship between the individual and the group. Image source: http://www.healthinsurance.org/_wordpress/wp-content/uploads/faqs/2010/09/individual_group1.jpg

19. Types There are two types: Individual societies Collective societies

20. Examples Individual societiesCollective societies Loose connection with people Loyalty to group

21. Examples Individual societiesCollective societies Decision based on individual needs Decision based on group needs

22. Examples Individual societiesCollective societies People taking care of themselves Dependence on organization

23. Countries Example Individual societiesCollective societies U.S.A Australia Canada Great Britain Ecuador Indonesia Panama

24. Hofstede's Cultural Dimension Theory Image source: http://references4u.blogspot.com/2012/07/hofstede-cultural-dimension-theory.html

25. Masculinity - Femininity THE DISTRIBUTION OF ROLES BETWEEN GENDERS

26. Summary This is about relations between gender and sex appropriate behavior.

27. Types There are two types: High Masculine societies Low Masculine societies

28. Examples High Masculine societiesLow Masculine societies Men are providers. Women are supportive. Men and women are more equal.

29. Countries Example High Masculine societiesLow Masculine societies Venezuela Japan Hungary Netherlands Norway Sweden

30. Hofstede's Cultural Dimension Theory Image source: http://references4u.blogspot.com/2012/07/hofstede-cultural-dimension-theory.html

31. Uncertainty Avoidance THE DEGREE OF ANXIETY

32. Summary This is about fear to the unknown situation.

33. Types There are two types: High uncertainty avoidance Low uncertainty avoidance

34. Examples High uncertainty avoidance Low uncertainty avoidance People work well under structured environment. People welcome freedom of opinions.

35. Examples High uncertainty avoidance Low uncertainty avoidance People work well under strict laws. People concern with long-term strategy.

36. Countries Example High uncertainty avoidance Low uncertainty avoidance Portugal Uruguay Greece Singapore Jamaica Denmark

37. Hofstede's Cultural Dimension Theory Image source: http://references4u.blogspot.com/2012/07/hofstede-cultural-dimension-theory.html

38. Time Orientation THE EXTENT OF THE TIME ORIENTATION OF A CULTURE

39. Summary This describes whether gratification should be immediate or deferred. Image source: http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-11-30/vast-pools-of-money-still-ignore-sustainable-investing.html

40. Types There are two types: Short time orientation Long time orientation

41. Examples Long time orientationShort time orientation Relationships are ordered by status. Status is not a major issue in relationships.

42. Examples Long time orientationShort time orientation Leisure time is not too important. Leisure time is important.

43. Examples Long time orientationShort time orientation Emphasis on persistence Emphasis on quick results

44. Countries Example Long time orientationShort time orientation China Hong Kong Japan U.S.A Great Britain Canada

45. List of References Demowaiyan. Retrieved on April 10, 2013, from http://www.demowaiyan.org/2013/03/blog-post_21.htmlhttp://www.demowaiyan.org/2013/03/blog-post_21.html Douglas S. W. (2013). Leveraging Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Theory to Improve the Quality of Information Operations. Retrieved on June 25, 2013, from http://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/leveraging- hofstede%E2%80%99s-cultural-dimensions-theory-to-improve-the-quality-of-information-operhttp://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/leveraging- Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions. Understanding Workplace Values Around the World. Retrieved on June 25, 2013, from http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_66.htm http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_66.htm Weeklyeleven. Retrieved on June 1, 2013, from http://www.weeklyeleven.com/local/mandalay-news-and-local/http://www.weeklyeleven.com/local/mandalay-news-and-local/ By:Soe Moe Tun (111100119) Under Graduate Studies Program (Computer Science) Albukhary International University, Malaysia.