1. SICKLE CELL ANEMIA Prepared by: Tuba Kartal Özge Özütrk

2. Before we start: Terms you need know:  Anemia: decrease in number of red blood cells and hemoglobin in the blood.  Hemoglobin: chemical substance of the red blood cells that carry oxygen to the tissues.  Emia: blood - unemia: being without blood

3. What is Sickle Cell Anemia?  First described in Chicago in 1910 by James Herrick as an inherited condition that results in a decrease in the ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen throughout the body.

4.  Sickle cell anemia is the most common form of sickle cell disease. SCD is a serious disorder in which the body makes sickle-shaped red blood cells.

5.  Sickle cells contain abnormal hemoglobin called sickle hemoglobin or hemoglobin. Sickle hemoglobin causes the cells to develop a sickle, or crescent, shape. Sickle cells are stiff and sticky. They tend to block blood flow in the blood vessels of the limbs and organs. Lack of tissue oxygenation can cause excruciating pain, damage to body organs and even death.

6. How does it occur?  It’s hereditary disease. (Like most genes, hemoglobin genes are inherited in two sets….one from each parent. )

7. Why is this harmful?  Sickle Cell Anemia makes the cells very fragile and they don’t survive for a long period of time, or as long as normal cells do.  Sickle cell also makes the cells inflexible which make them more able to block small blood vessels.  Sickle cell disease is inherited, but symptoms only occur after four months of age.

9. Complications with Body  Higher risk of stroke  Acute Chest Syndrome: chest pain, fever and difficulty breathing  Organ damage: usually kidneys, liver and spleen  Blindness

10. Treatment  Bone marrow transplant offers the only potential cure for sickle cell anemia. But, finding a donor is difficult and the procedure has serious risks associated with it, including death.  As a result, treatment for sickle cell anemia is usually aimed at avoiding crises, relieving symptoms and preventing complications. If you have sickle cell anemia, you'll need to make regular visits to your doctor to check your red blood cell count and monitor your health. Treatments may include medications to reduce pain and prevent complications, blood transfusions and supplemental oxygen, as well as bone marrow transplant.

11. Sources:  http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/sca/ http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/sca/  http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/sickle-cell- anemia/DS00324/DSECTION=treatments-and-drugs http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/sickle-cell- anemia/DS00324/DSECTION=treatments-and-drugs  http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/sickle-cell- anemia/overview.html http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/sickle-cell- anemia/overview.html  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickle- cell_disease#Management http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickle- cell_disease#Management  http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/205926-treatment http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/205926-treatment  Google Visuals

12. Videos:  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qRt2auWkcYg&feature =related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qRt2auWkcYg&feature =related  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9UpwV1tdxcs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9UpwV1tdxcs