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The Cell Cycle.

Published byPercival Mosley Modified over 8 years ago

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Presentation on theme: "The Cell Cycle."— Presentation transcript:

1 The Cell Cycle

2 Why are cells so small?? What limits the size of a cell??
Most cells are between millimeters

3 What limits the size of a cell?
Diffusion Very fast and efficient over short distances Becomes slow and inefficient as the distances become larger Cells would die before nutrients could reach the organelles if the cell was too big

4 What limits the size of a cell??
Surface Area – to – Volume Ratio As cell size increases, its volume increases much faster than surface area Example: If cell size doubles, the cell would require 8 times more nutrients, but the cell membrane would only increase by 4 times. This would mean that the cell doesn’t have enough room (cell membrane) to diffuse.

5 What limits the size of a cell??
DNA There’s a limit to how fast DNA can make proteins If you have a large cell then the DNA can’t make proteins fast enough for the cell.

6 The Cell Cycle Cell Reproduction
One cell (parent cell) reproduces to make 2 identical cells (daughter cells) 5 steps in this process

7 What is Mitosis Mitosis is…THE PROCESS BY WHICH A CELL’S NUCLEUS DIVIDES!

8 Before Mitosis… Interphase This phase is broken down into 3 subphases
G1 = Cell grows in size and organelles replicate S = DNA duplicates itself (DNA Replication) Chromatin duplicates – long coily strands of DNA that become wrapped up G2 = Rapid Growth before dividing Cells spend most of their time in this phase

9 Interphase

10 Interphase

11 Interphase

12 Interphase

13 Mitosis Prophase A.) Chromatin organizes itself into chromosomes made up of 2 sister chromatids attached by a centromere Sister Chromatids – A chromosome and its duplicated twin Centromere – rubber band structure that joins the 2 sister chromatids together

14 Prophase B.) Nuclear membrane breaks down
Nucleus dissolves C.) Centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell (poles) Centrioles – cylinder structures that will reel in the chromatids D.) Spindle fibers form Spindle fibers – football shaped set of ropes that will attach to the centrioles and the chromatids Made of microtubules

15 Prophase

16 Prophase

17 Prophase

18 Prophase

19 Prophase

20 Prophase

21 Prophase

22 Mitosis Metaphase Spindle fibers attach to centrioles and sister chromatids at their centromeres. Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell Line up on the metaphase plate/equator.

23 Metaphase

24 Metaphase

25 Metaphase

26 Metaphase

27 Metaphase

28 Metaphase

29 Metaphase

30 Metaphase

31 Metaphase

32 Metaphase

33 Mitosis Anaphase The centromeres split apart and the sister chromatids separate from each other The spindle fibers pull the chromatids toward the poles

34 Anaphase

35 Anaphase

36 Anaphase

37 Anaphase

38 Anaphase

39 Anaphase

40 Anaphase

41 Anaphase

42 Anaphase

43 Anaphase

44 Anaphase

45 Mitosis Telophase Chromatids reach the poles Chromosomes unwind
Spindle fibers break down Nucleus reforms Cell begins to split Cleavage furrow

46 Telophase

47 Telophase

48 Telophase

49 Telophase

50 Telophase

51 Telophase

52 Telophase

53 Telophase

54 Telophase

55 Telophase

56 After Mitosis… Cytokinesis Cells Separate

57 Cytokinesis

58 The Cell Cycle

59 What phase is this cell in?
Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

60 What phase is this cell in?
Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

61 What phase is this cell in?
Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

62 What phase is this cell in?
Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

63 What phase is this cell in?
Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

64 Which phase does a cell spend most of its time in?
Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telosphase Cytokinesis 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

65 What phase is this cell in?
Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

66 What phase is this cell in?
Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

67 What phase is this cell in?
Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

68 What phase is this cell in?
Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

69 What phase is this cell in?
Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

70 When do 2 daughter cells split
Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

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