1. Tracing the Historical Life of Jesus
Chapter 3:
Tracing the Historical Life of Jesus
©Ave Maria Press

2. One Solitary Life
Arguably, no human being has ever affected the world as much as Jesus Christ.
All areas and aspects of life and history

3. People today who doubt that Jesus ever existed
Say that, after two thousand years, we can have almost no reliable information about Jesus’ life.
Why is this a problem?
Because the value of Christianity depends on the historical reality of Jesus Christ and the reliability of the Gospels.

4. Since the Gospels clearly make statements of
Ancient Testimony
About Jesus
Are there any historical sources outside the Bible for Jesus’ existence ?
Since the Gospels clearly make statements of
faith about Jesus, they are often rejected as objective sources of information.

5. In fact, there are impartial ancient sources that establish
the historical reality of Jesus.
Ancient historians like Tacitus, Josephus, Pliny the Younger, Suetonius, and others, as well as texts such as the Babylonian Talmud – many of which were actually opposed to Christianity – record information that helps us conclude that Jesus was, indeed a real person.

6. Sources verify beliefs and traditions of the Christian community are consistent with historical reality.
The writers of this material were not Christians.
Therefore, they lend credibility to the oral traditions handed down within the Church.

7. Persecution of Christians was verified.
Some of the Roman emperors required their subjects to worship them, and punished those who refused with torture and death.
Temptation continues to try to lead us to sin. Whether it is money, pleasure, drugs, sex, popularity, or any other attractive thing—we must resist those temptations and give only to God the honor that belongs to him.

8. written information about Jesus.
The Gospels and
the Historical Jesus
It is from the
writings of the
Four Evangelists
that we receive
the most useful
written information about Jesus.

9. The word gospel means “good news,” and the evangelists Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John wrote the four versions of the story of Jesus that we have in the New Testament.
Gospels are NOT strict biographies, the Gospels present biographical information about Jesus combined with the authors’ beliefs about the
Son of God.

10. Tacitus

11. Suetonius

12. Pliny the Younger

13. Josephus

14. Lucian of Samosata

15. Celus

16. Babylonia Talmud

17. Gospels present brief accounts of Jesus’ life
There is no extensive details like in today’s biographies
The Gospels do not tell us much about Jesus’ youth or physical appearance.
They all focus on key events
One aspect of a person’s life that ancient biographies usually pay attention to is how a person died.

18. Certain aspects of the Gospels, however, are unique
Certain aspects of the Gospels, however, are unique. Jesus himself, is in the Gospels—Because the Good News proclaimed by the Evangelists IS Jesus Christ.

19. The process that brought about the written Gospels took place in three stages:
The Historical Jesus
(4-6 BC – AD 30-33)
2. Oral Tradition
(AD 30-50)
3. New Testament Writings
(AD 50 – ca. 120)

20. Jesus of Nazareth
Jesus the Carpenter
Jesus, son of Joseph
The Jesus is identified by a few different “surnames.”
In the ancient world, people with the same first name were identified by things like where they came from, who their father was, or what they did for a living.

21. During the historical life of Jesus, his actions formed the basis for his disciples’ later proclamation about him.
A.D., for Anno Domini, meaning “In the Year of Our Lord,” to designate years from the time of Christ’s birth onward.
B.C., meaning “Before Christ,” came to refer to any year thought to be before the birth of Christ.
Jesus’ early life was spent in Galilee as the son of a humble carpenter.
During his public ministry, he traveled the countryside teaching, healing, and proclaiming God’s Kingdom.
At the end of his public life, Jesus was arrested and crucified—only to rise again after three days.

22. After Jesus’ death, the apostles obeyed Jesus’ command to go out to all the world and spread the Good News.
Approaching their audience as people who did not yet possess faith in Christ, the apostles preached an outline of basic truths about Jesus called the kerygma.

23. Apostles put together an oral set of essential teachings about Jesus known as the didache, which means “teaching.”

24. Over the next twenty years, the apostles obeyed Jesus’ command to go out to all the world and spread the Good News.
Early Christians also came to reflect their beliefs about Jesus in public worship, or the liturgy.
Celebration of the Eucharist came to be the focal point of the early Church’s worship.

25. The final stage in the development of proclaiming the Good News of Jesus Christ was the actual writing of the New Testament.
Three things caused the early Christians to finally commit the Good News to writing:
The End of the World did not come as soon as they had first expected it to.
Distortions to the apostles’ message needed to be addressed and clarified.
Early Christians realized that people needed to be instructed about the faith, and written Gospels provided a good teaching tool.

26. The earliest New Testament writings are the letters of
The final stage in the development of proclaiming the Good News of Jesus Christ was the actual writing of the New Testament.
The earliest New Testament writings are the letters of
St. Paul.

27. Next came the four canonical Gospels.
The final stage in the development of proclaiming the Good News of Jesus Christ was the actual writing of the New Testament.
Next came the four canonical Gospels.
Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John were recognized as Scripture
They were connected to the apostles,
They had widespread acceptance in the early Church, reflected what the early Church truly believed about Jesus.

28. The final stage in the development of proclaiming the Good News of Jesus Christ was the actual writing of the New Testament.
Writings about Jesus that did not meet these requirements were called apocryphal gospels, “Apocryphal” means “hidden.”
An example is the Protoevangelium of James, which attempted to fill in some details about Jesus’ early life, but was neither historically accurate nor true to Christian belief.

29. The final stage in the development of proclaiming the Good News of Jesus Christ was the actual writing of the New Testament.
Certain writings in early Christianity reflected various heresies, or false beliefs.
One such belief was Gnosticism, which claimed that there is some secret knowledge that is necessary for salvation.
The presence of heretical ideas is a reason that some books were not included in the Bible.

30. The four canonical Gospels present different perspectives, and address their writings to different audiences.
The Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke are so similar, they are called the Synoptic Gospels. “Synoptic” comes from the Greek word meaning “to see together.”
John’s Gospel is different. It was the last one written and only about 10% of the material in the Synoptics appears in John.

31. realize that the picture
Each Gospel stands on its own, but all four share the same Good News about Jesus Christ.
It is important to
realize that the picture
of Jesus is incomplete
until you have all
four Gospels together.

32. Biblical “criticism” refers to the analysis, judgment, and investigation of the written texts.
Historical Criticism uses our knowledge of ancient history, language, archaeology, etc. to determine the historical accuracy of the Biblical texts.
Redaction Criticism studies how the author edited his material for a particular audience.
Textual Criticism analyzes the Gospels by comparing various early texts of the same passages.
Form Criticism looks at the different literary forms used in the Gospels.
Source Criticism tries to determine what sources the Gospel writers used to compose their works.

33. Through these various types of criticism of the Gospel texts, we can conclude that certain important concepts are original to Jesus.
By “original,” scholars mean that Jesus was the first to convey these ideas—that he did not borrow them from earlier thinkers or teachers.

34. Abba
Jesus was the first to invite us to refer to God with this Hebrew term that means “Daddy.”
By this invitation, he dramatically changed the way human beings viewed God.

35. Amen
Rather than using the word “Amen” at the end of a phrase to indicate assent with the previous statement, Jesus used it as an introduction—indicating that he spoke with unusual authority without quoting some other teacher.

36. Parables
Jesus told stories that were unlike anything heard before or since. They were memorable, unique, and contained important insights into the Kingdom of God. Their existence proves that there was a remarkable person
who created them.

37. Consistency Love Forgiveness of Sin Sacrifice
Everything Jesus said and did is also consistent with the larger picture that arises from the Gospels.
Forgiveness
of Sin
Sacrifice

38. Linguistic
Analysis
By studying the language Jesus used (Aramaic), scholars have found a unique
and poetic quality to his words.
Jesus was more than just another teacher.

39. The Church
and Martyrs
People who deny the historical existence of Jesus have a difficult time explaining how the Catholic Church came to be.

40. The earliest disciples of Jesus were so convinced about his being the Son of God that they gave up their lives to proclaim him and his message. Most of the apostles died as martyrs.
People who do not truly believe what they are saying will not die to defend a lie.
The martyrs of the early Church provide us a strong witness to the truth of the Gospel.

41. Witness of
the Martyrs
The martyrs of
the Church had nothing to gain when they proclaimed Jesus as the Savior of the world.
Nothing but eternal life with Jesus