1. Dr. O.A. Idowu, Dr. J.A. Awomeso and Dr. G.O. Oluwasanya WMA 516: Water Resource and Public Health

2. Rural well construction methods 1.1 Hand dug wells Dimensions Digging with the sides of the excavation supported Digging with the sides of excavation unsupported Excavation below the water level Alternative ways of lining a well Completion Abstraction Bucket and rope Manual, Wind lass, pulley Dedicated pumps Hand pumps, motorised

3. Rural well construction methods 1.2 Tube wells and Boreholes Features Developing the well Sinking Tubewell Hand auger drilling Sludging Borehole drilling Percussion drilling Rotary percussion drilling Rotary drilling with flush Jetting

4. Rural well construction methods 1.3 Hand pumps Operational principle of hand pumps Range of lift Types of hand pumps Suction pumps Low lift pumps Direct action pumps Intermediate and high lift hand pumps Deep well reciprocating pumps High lift ‘Afridev’ hand pump Non-piston pumps Diaphragm pumps Choice of hand pumps Hand pump performances Operations and maintenance The VLOM concept

5. Community participation in rural projects  Definition and Conception  Planning  Feasibility  Execution (development)  Operations and maintenance Background reading: 1.Frances Cleaver (1999), Paradoxes of participation: questioning participatory approaches to development, J. Int. Dev., pp 597 - 612 2.David Edmunds and Eva Wollenberg (2002), Disadvantage groups in multi- stakeholder negotiations, CIFOR program Report, 9 pp Group Discussion

6. Gender issues in community projects  History of gender development  Gender and irrigation: evolution of a field of interest  Some concepts and definitions  Gender  The household  Farming  Linkages between gender inequality and irrigation  The design and planning phases of community projects  The planning process and the ‘’engineer’s space’’  The exclusion of women in ‘’technical’’ design and planning  Women’s exclusion in local platforms  Mainstreaming - Inclusive project design and planning Group discussion Background reading: Barbara Lynch: The bureaucratic tradition and women’s invisibility in irrigation (to be provided)