1. Causes of the Renaissance

2. Stinger
How does the painting at the right, by Raphael in Renaissance Italy, represent the rebirth of Greek learning?

3. The parenthetical names are the contemporary characters from whom Raphael is thought to have drawn his likenesses.
1: Zeno of Citium 2: Epicurus Possibly, the image of two philosophers, who were typically shown in pairs during the Renaissance: Heraclitus, the "weeping" philosopher, and Democritus, the "laughing" philosopher. 3: unknown (believed to be Raphael)[14] 4: Boethius or Anaximander or Empedocles? 5: Averroes 6: Pythagoras 7: Alcibiades or Alexander the Great? 8: Antisthenes or Xenophon or Timon? 9: Raphael,[14][15][16] Fornarina as a personification of Love[17] or Francesco Maria della Rovere? 10: Aeschines or Xenophon? 11: Parmenides? (Leonardo da Vinci) 12: Socrates 13: Heraclitus (Michelangelo) 14: Plato (Leonardo da Vinci) 15: Aristotle (Giuliano da Sangallo) 16: Diogenes of Sinope 17: Plotinus (Donatello?) 18: Euclid or Archimedes with students (Bramante?) 19: Strabo or Zoroaster? (Baldassare Castiglione) 20: Ptolemy? R: Apelles (Raphael) 21: Protogenes (Il Sodoma, Perugino, or Timoteo Viti)[18]

4. What is the Renaissance?
Rebirth
Explosion of New Ideas & Learning

5. Rebirth
Explosion of New Ideas & Learning
Rediscovery of Classical Greek & Roman Culture
Humanism—worth of Individual
Secularism—worldly not religious

6. Causes of the Italian Renaissance
Crusades
Control of Mediterranean Trade

7. Crusades
Control of Mediterranean Trade
Sophistication of Italian City-States
Growth of Banking & Trade

8. Crusades
Control of Mediterranean Trade
Sophistication of Italian City-States
Growth of Banking & Trade
Excess Wealth: de Medici family of Florence
Printing Press

9. Italian v. Northern Renaissance
Italy
North

10. Italian Italy Rome, Florence, Venice Mediterranean Trade De Medici
Michelangelo, Da Vinci, Raphael

11. Italian v. Northern Renaissance
Amsterdam, Antwerp, London
Rhine & Thames Rivers
Jacob Fugger
Jan Van Eyck, Brueghel

12. Italian v. Northern Renaissance
Italy
Rome, Florence, Venice
Mediterranean Trade
De Medici
Michaelangelo, Da Vinci, Raphael
North
Amsterdam, Antwerp, London
Rhine & Thames Rivers
Jacob Fugger
Jan Van Eyck, Brueghel

13. Renaissance
Political Intrigue

14. Machiavellian Intrigue
Wrote The Prince
studied the politics of Florence, Venice & Rome
analyzed use of power, force, & Deception
How to book for future leaders
Including...
Niccolo Machiavelli

15. De Medici Family of Florence
Cosimo & Lorenzo
city improvements
patron of the arts
peace & prosperity
vs.
Franciscan Friar
banned gambling, swearing, etc.
burned books & paintings
Savonarola

16. The Borgia: First Italian Crime Family
Pope Alexander VI
bribery, extortion, nepotism, torture
Casare Borgia (son)
multiple murders, mercenary
Lucrezia Borgia (daughter)
incest?
What really happened to her husbands?

17. Effects of the Renaissance

18. Renaissance Art perspective light & motion study of human form
emotion & drama
new subject matter>secularism
science & mathematics
composition & balance
changing perspective of man & his role in the world
unique vision of each artist

19. Effects of the Renaissance
Advances in Science & Technology led to the European Exploration of the World
Secularism led to the Protestant Reformation
Humanism encouraged the growth of Democracy & the Fight for Human Rights
Role of Women in Society Improved
Renaissance Art led to the Age of Classical Music and Art in Europe

21. Questions for Machiavelli Excerpt
1. According to Machiavelli, what should a prince be an expert at?
2. If a prince has the skills from #1, what will it guarantee him?
3. What does it mean to think “more of ease”?
4. Explain this statement: “how one lives is so far distant from how one ought to live”.
5. What does a prince need to know how to do and when to use it?
6. Why can’t a person entirely possess all the characteristics of good?
7. Explain your opinion on this question with reasons: “whether it is better to be loved than feared or
feared than loved?”
8. Does Machiavelli seem to have faith in human nature? Why or why not?
9. What is Machiavelli’s position on #7?
10. Why is love not a strong enough bond for loyalty according to Machiavelli?
11. Explain the delicate balance described in the last sentence.
12. Do you believe this 16th century document is still relevant in politics today? Why or why not?