1. Chapter 17 Section 1: Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance
*“Europe is waking out of a long, deep sleep….The time was when learning was only found in religious orders….learning has passed to secular princes and peers.”

2. Setting the Stage During Middle Ages Europeans suffered from
War
Plague
Catholic Church teaching began to be questioned
Feudalism began to be questioned
Educated people began to reject long held values for “CLASSICAL” learning

3. Italy’s Advantages 1300 – 1600 Renaissance – means REBIRTH
Rebirth of art and learning.
*High regard for individual achievement (humanism)
Began in Northern Italy because France and England locked in Hundred Years War
*It must be grasped that the Renaissance was primary a human event, propelled forward by a number of individuals of outstanding talent, which in some cases amounted to genius…The Renaissance was about the work of individuals, and in a sense it was about individualism”

4. *Reasons of Italy Urban Centers Italian City-States
Overseas trade helped by
the Crusades led to growth
of large city-states in Italy.
Wealthy Merchant class
Merchants were the most powerful class due to their wealth which was based on merit.
Italian City-States
Ran own government
Collected taxes
Had own army
*Gained wealth through the use of merchants in trade between Europe and the East

5. Characteristics of Italian Renaissance
*Scholars were curious about the world outside of Europe and wanted to return to the learning of the Greeks and Romans.
*Major goal of the Renaissance was to study and imitate the cultures of Greece and Rome.
*Renaissance architecture abandoned the “Gothic” style from the Middle Ages and borrowed from more classic styles.

6. Italy’s Advantages: The Medici
Florence was ruled by one powerful family – The Medici
Cosimo de Medici
Virtual dictator of Venice
Arranged marriages to strengthen family & business ties
Lorenzo the Magnificent
Virtual dictator
Supported the ARTS

7. Italy’s Advantages Medici Family are famous for
BEING RULERS
PATRONS (financial supporter) OF THE ARTS
Nepotism – preferential treatment of relatives

8. Classical and Worldly Values
Society became more SECULAR and less religious
SECULAR – to be more worldly and concerned with the here and now.
*Secular achievements were given greater emphasis than earlier.

9. Classical and Worldly Values
The Renaissance Man
Idea that some people are artistic geniuses.
Individuals would strive to master every area of study.
According to Baldassare Castiglione the ideal Renaissance Man was skilled in a variety of areas (charming, witty, well educated, dance, sing, play music, write poetry, skilled rider, wrestler, swordsmen)

10. Classical and Worldly Values
The Renaissance Woman
Women became more educated
Women were expected to marry whom their parents choose not for love but to strengthen business or family ties.
Isabella d’Este of Mantua

11. Renaissance Revolutionizes Art
Artists changed artistic styles
Paintings & sculptures became more realistic
Glorified human body
Portraits of famous citizens

12. Renaissance Art New Techniques
Natural postures and expressions to show personality
The David
*Perspective is the technique that was perfected during the Renaissance that showed dimension in paintings
School of Athens

13. Renaissance Revolutionizes Art
*Leonardo Da Vinci, best of example of a Renaissance Man
Painter
Sculptor
Inventor
Scientist
Student of anatomy, science, and art.
*Skilled in a variety of disciplines
*Had an immediate impact on the scientific thinking worldwide, including the importance of the scientific method

14. Leonardo Da Vinci’s Works
*The LAST SUPPER
*The MONA LISA

15. Michelangelo – Renaissance Artist
Michelangelo greatest artist of the Renaissance who was also skilled in many areas
Most well known for his portrayal of the human body
*Sistine Chapel
*David
*Pieta

16. DAVID
Creation of Adam
Pieta
*Michelangelo’s Work

17. Renaissance Revolutionizes Art
Raphael Advances Realism
Favorite work is the Madonna and Child
Famous Work
School of Athens
Died at the age of 37

18. *School of Athens - Raphael

19. Renaissance Writers Change Literature
*Used the VERNACULAR or local language.
Wrote with self-expression or to portray the individuality of their subject matter.
*One way in which the writers of the Renaissance were influenced by the writers of the “western” classical culture was that they emphasized the power of human reason.

20. Renaissance Writers Change Literature
Machiavelli Advises Rulers
Father of Modern Political Thought
Wrote the “Il Prince”
Outlines how a ruler can gain power, keep it, and control enemies.
Thought rulers should be shrewd & deceitful
*Effective rulers are feared by their subjects
*Advises that a wise ruler is one who does what is necessary to stay in power
“The end justifies the means.”

21. *Political Impact of the Renaissance
*State is supreme over the church
*New monarchs assert control over national churches
*Machiavelli has an impact

22. Quick Review
How did Italian city-states gain wealth during the Renaissnace?
Curiosity about the world outside of Europe was typical of the era of the Renaissance because?
In what ways did Renaissance architecture differ from Gothic architecture?
What is humanism?
One of the major goals of the Renaissance was to study and imitate what cultures?
How were the writers of the Renaissance influenced by writers of the “western” classical cultures?
What is the political impact of the Renaissance?

23. How is an effective rulers viewed by their subjects?
Define vernacular
One of the major characteristics of the Renaissance in Europe was what given a greater emphasis?
What impact did Leonardo da Vinci have on the scientific thinking world?
Where did the Renaissance begin?
How does Machiavelli advise ruler to stay in power?
What is the new artistic technique used during the Renaissance that showed dimension?