1. 1 Matter Part II

2. 2 Pure Substances vs. Mixtures Pure Substances Pure Substances Made of either elements or compounds that are chemically bonded. Made of either elements or compounds that are chemically bonded. Cannot be separated by physical means. Cannot be separated by physical means. Glucose: C 6 H 12 O 6 Glucose: C 6 H 12 O 6 Table Salt: NaCl Table Salt: NaCl Oxygen Gas: O 2 Oxygen Gas: O 2 Carbon Dioxide CO 2 Carbon Dioxide CO 2 Mixtures: Mixtures: Two or more substances mixed together but not chemically combined. Tea = Crushed Leaf + H 2 O Rocks = minerals + sediments + organic matter Sugar Water = Sugar + H 2 O Each component retains its own identity; it does not change into something else. Can be separated by physical means

3. 3 Mixtures Heterogeneous Mixture Homogeneous Mixture Not evenly mixed Evenly mixed Individual components retain their own properties Properties of combined components are usually different than those of each component Individual components can be easily seen Individual components can not be easily seen Can be easily separated Not as easily separated Ex.: salt & pepper mix, rocks, cereal, bag of assorted candy Ex. salt-water solution, tea, Cool- Aid drink, milk, toothpaste

4. 4 Organizing Concepts… MATTER PURE SUBSTANCE ELEMENTSCOMPOUNDS MIXTURE HETERO- GENEOUS HOMO- GENEOUS

5. 5 Choose a partner with the same learning preference as you Classify the following substances as: Pure substance, heterogeneous mixture, or homogeneous mixture Gatorade Gatorade Milk Shake Milk Shake Meat marinade Meat marinade Gasoline Gasoline Dirt Dirt Sulfur Sulfur Helium gas Helium gas Sugar Crystals Sugar Crystals Fruit Loops Fruit Loops Mashed Potatoes Mashed Potatoes Vinegar Vinegar Air Air

6. 6 Physical Properties of Matter Can be observed without changing a substance into another Can be observed without changing a substance into another Mass – amount of matter that something has Mass – amount of matter that something has Volume – amount of space that something takes Volume – amount of space that something takes State of matter – physical forms in which a substance can exist State of matter – physical forms in which a substance can exist Melting point – temperature at which a substance changes from solid to liquid Melting point – temperature at which a substance changes from solid to liquid Boiling point – temperature at which a substance changes from liquid to gas Boiling point – temperature at which a substance changes from liquid to gas Freezing point – temperature at which a substance changes from liquid to solid Freezing point – temperature at which a substance changes from liquid to solid Density – the mass of a substance compared to its volume d = Density – the mass of a substance compared to its volume d = mvmv

7. 7 State of Matter Determined by the attraction between the particles of a substance, their rate of movement and pressure change. Determined by the attraction between the particles of a substance, their rate of movement and pressure change. Matter changes from one state to another when its energy changes (either loses or gains energy) Matter changes from one state to another when its energy changes (either loses or gains energy) Temperature is a measure of the speed (energy) of the particles of matter Temperature is a measure of the speed (energy) of the particles of matter Increasing the temperature (energy) of a solid, causes it to change to liquid (melting). Increasing the temperature (energy) of a solid, causes it to change to liquid (melting). Increasing the temperature (energy) of a liquid, causes it to change to gas (vaporizing). Increasing the temperature (energy) of a liquid, causes it to change to gas (vaporizing). The inverse process is also true The inverse process is also true http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/atoms/states.html http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/atoms/states.html http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/atoms/states.html StateVolumeShapeMolecules SolidDefiniteDefiniteVibrate LiquidDefiniteIndefiniteSlide GasIndefiniteIndefiniteBounce PlasmaIndefiniteIndefinite Electrons split apart

8. 8 Density Ratio between the mass and volume of a substance Ratio between the mass and volume of a substance An object will only float on a liquid if its density is lower than the density of the liquid An object will only float on a liquid if its density is lower than the density of the liquid Predict which objects will float on water: Predict which objects will float on water: dry sponge, small rock, large rock, wood block, pencil, oil, ball of modeling clay, modeling class shaped like a bowl, whole lemon, peeled lemon. dry sponge, small rock, large rock, wood block, pencil, oil, ball of modeling clay, modeling class shaped like a bowl, whole lemon, peeled lemon. You will find out the correct answers by doing a density lab You will find out the correct answers by doing a density lab d = mass volume d (water) = 1 g/mL

9. 9 Chemical Properties of Matter Describe a change that happens when two substances react with each other Describe a change that happens when two substances react with each other Ex. rust, burning a match, candle or wood Ex. rust, burning a match, candle or wood

10. 10 The Periodic Table Take the pretest Take the pretest Go to: http://peachstar.unitedstreaming.com/ Go to: http://peachstar.unitedstreaming.com/http://peachstar.unitedstreaming.com/ Select one of the following videos to watch: Select one of the following videos to watch: The Periodic Table: Reactions and Relationships (23:30) The Periodic Table: Reactions and Relationships (23:30) © 1996 AIMS Multimedia © 1996 AIMS Multimedia Simply Science: Periodic Table (27:04) Simply Science: Periodic Table (27:04) © 1998 United Streaming © 1998 United Streaming Physical Science Series: Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table (17:23) – quiz follows Physical Science Series: Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table (17:23) – quiz follows © 1998 United Streaming © 1998 United Streaming Discovering the Elements (57:12) – Two games follow Discovering the Elements (57:12) – Two games follow © 1996 United Learning © 1996 United Learning Take quiz Take quiz

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12. 12 Periodic Table Carbon 6 C 12.011 Element Name Element Symbol Atomic Number Mass Number or Atomic Mass Guided Practice Assignment: Look up the following elements in the periodic table. Draw a box like the one above for each. Identify the atomic number and mass number. Group 1: H, O, FGroup 3: Na, Mg, I Group 2: N, Li, HeGroup 4: Ca, Cl, K

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14. 14 A few more… Q: Where does one put dirty dishes? Q: Where does one put dirty dishes? A: In the “zinc” A: In the “zinc” Q: What weapon can you make from the elements of potassium, nickel, and iron? Q: What weapon can you make from the elements of potassium, nickel, and iron? A: KNiFe A: KNiFe Q: What is the difference between cooking and chemistry? Q: What is the difference between cooking and chemistry? A: You should never lick the spoon A: You should never lick the spoon

15. 15 WEBQUEST Choose a partner whose favorite subject is the same as yours (use the This Is Me inventory) Choose a partner whose favorite subject is the same as yours (use the This Is Me inventory) Follow the instructions on this website for your assignment: http://web.buddyproject.org/web017/web017/ Follow the instructions on this website for your assignment: http://web.buddyproject.org/web017/web017/ http://web.buddyproject.org/web017/web017/ Read all topics: Read all topics: History of the Periodic Table History of the Periodic Table History of the Periodic Table History of the Periodic Table Inside an Atom Inside an Atom Inside an Atom Inside an Atom Reading the Periodic Table Reading the Periodic Table Reading the Periodic Table Reading the Periodic Table Metals, Nonmetals, & Metalloids Metals, Nonmetals, & Metalloids Metals, Nonmetals, & Metalloids Metals, Nonmetals, & Metalloids Choose an element to do your final task and present to your class: Choose an element to do your final task and present to your class: Element ADventure WebQuest Element ADventure WebQuest Element ADventure WebQuest Element ADventure WebQuest You will review and provide feedback to another group’s ad presentation and will be graded on how you do your critique. You will review and provide feedback to another group’s ad presentation and will be graded on how you do your critique.

16. 16 Your Critique Read the personal inventory of both members of the group you are to critique Read the personal inventory of both members of the group you are to critique Write a letter to the group addressing the good points and not-so-good points of their ad Write a letter to the group addressing the good points and not-so-good points of their ad Provide ideas on how they could improve their ad Provide ideas on how they could improve their ad Assign the group a grade for their project Assign the group a grade for their project Go over your critique with the group explaining your comments Go over your critique with the group explaining your comments Be honest, be fair, be mindful of other students’ feelings Be honest, be fair, be mindful of other students’ feelings