1. Social Partners and Climate Change Bruno Estrada Research Director Fundación 1º de mayo. CC.OO. Spain 30th of March ETUI Conference. Brussels.

2. www.1mayo.ccoo.es2 Project Coordination: Fundación 1º de mayo. Spain Preliminary Report about Green Jobs in the European Union ISTAS (Union Institute of Work, Environment and Health). 5 National reports about green jobs, climate change and social dialogue: Germany- Alexander Gallas (International Center for Development and Decent Work. University of Kassel). Sweden- Bo Johansson (SALTSA. Uppsala University). Spain- Begoña María-Tomé (ISTAS). Italy- Serena Rugiero. Osservatorio Energia e Innovazione (IRES-Italy). France- Benoit Robin (IRES-France).

3. www.1mayo.ccoo.es3 Preliminary Report Methodology  A literature review on the national policies and plans implemented in EU- 27 to promote a green economy, green jobs (sept. 2010).  A questionnaire to the 27 embassy’s economy and labour section.

4. www.1mayo.ccoo.es4 Preliminary Report Contents 1.Political framework for green economy at european level. 2.Overview of green jobs in the EU in 2010 3.Review of the agenda for green jobs in Member States 4.References and significant web links

5. www.1mayo.ccoo.es5 Bibliography and references links  More than 205 references at the European level and national level  References with the web links  More than 205 references at the European level and national level  References with the web links

6. www.1mayo.ccoo.es6 Preliminary Report Conclusions 5 millions of green jobs in Europe Official definition for “green jobs” Number of green jobs Germany Yes1.800.000 United Kingdom Yes881.000 France Yes404.900 Austria Yes185.145 Portugal Yes (National Statistics Agency) 81.653 Denmark Yes49.300 Ireland Yes19.160 Bulgaria Yes¿? Spain No530.947 Italy No297.000-336.000 Poland No221.280 Belgium No126.000 Finland No11.275

7. www.1mayo.ccoo.es7 Germany: General Debates  With the CDU-FPD government the idea of “Green New Deal” (GND) has been ignored.  The unions (DGB) has endorsed the idea of the GND in its conference in 2010 but with reluctance. Its proposals are building renovation, investment in public transport, and energy efficiency. Thinking more in a Social New Deal with few green aspects.  For the employers “green jobs” haven't to be the focus of strategies in economic and environmental policies.

8. www.1mayo.ccoo.es8 Germany: Social Dialogue Building Renovation Programme. It is the most significant instance of cooperation between social partners. Implemented by the red-green government in 2000. It created 200.000 jobs each year between 2006-08. Other sectorial agreements: Aluminium, Electric Mobility (IG Metall, Federal Gov, scientists and branches of industry affected) Agreements only with employers, without unions.(After the rigth gov’t).

9. www.1mayo.ccoo.es9 Sweden: General Debates  Sweden was a leading actor in the EU: Goal of 50% energy consumption from renewable energy by 2020 Car fleet independent of fossil energy by 2030. Net emissions of greenhouse gases will be Zero by 2050.  But this issue has lost considerable intensity since the Copenhagen summit in 2009. More often remains on the rhetorical level.  After the emergence of the financial crisis the priorities of the voters valued Climate Change as the tenth issue.

10. www.1mayo.ccoo.es10 Sweden: Social Dialogue  No formalized social dialogue on climate change at central organizations level.  Unions (LO, TCO, Saco): Relates the climate change with jobs, welfare system and international solidarity. Promotes the idea of including these matters in the collective bargaining agenda Need of a carbon tax Sweden must maintain a leading position.  The Employers agree with the long-term environmental objectives, but not legally binding for the companies. Some of the goal relating transport, energy and chemical sector are unrealistic in the given time-limit.  The Swedish Union of Local Government Officers has reached an agreement stating that the climate improvements by employees shall be rewarded.

11. www.1mayo.ccoo.es11 Spain: General Debates  On March 2011 the Sustainable Economy Bill (SEB) was approved, without social dialogue, after two years of discussions, it get worse after may 2010. In many matters the Bill is considered merely a declaration of principles. The main issues: VAT reduction for building renovation. Promotion of energy services. But No carbon tax. The law allows to extend the life of the nuclear plants (Agreement of the socialdemocratic and right parties).  The Gov. have change the legal framework of aids to the renewable energy sector, and thousands of employs have been laid off.

12. www.1mayo.ccoo.es12 Spain: Social Dialogue  There are 8 Sectorial Social Dialogue Boards, tripartite (unions, employers, gov.) created in 2005 by law, after de “Social Agreement for dialogue on the compliance with Kyoto Protocol”: electricity, refineries, iron, steel and coke industries, cement plants, ceramic and paste, glass industry, paper and cardboard, and diffuse emissions. Employers prefer to maintain them as an exchange of opinion and information. Unions believe that theses boards should become a space for political debate and social consensus.  In the wind sector there has been a bilateral initiative (unions and employers) develop defend jobs. 6000 direct employees and 10.000 indirect have been laid off due to the legal changes.

13. www.1mayo.ccoo.es13 Italy: General Debates  The implementation these policies are in trouble after the inconclusive results of Copenhagen summit of 2009.  Most of the normative frame of reference is almost entirely derived from EU.  Unions: “A sense of failure”  Confindustria criticises the gov. for constraints to the industry in order to meet the EU´s goals.

14. www.1mayo.ccoo.es14 Italy: Social Dialogue  There isn't social dialogue at national level about green jobs.  There is an Economic and Social Council for Environmental Policies since 2004, with social partners and Gov’t.  Unions and employers considered that is not very useful due to the short-time positions of the Gov’t.  Building Renovation Agreement ( Tax reduction of 55% for energy renovation) Positive effects at productive and employment level: technological innovation and emergence of the black market.

15. www.1mayo.ccoo.es15 France: General Debates  Before the economic crisis the sustainable development had become omnipresent. 2007 Environment Grenelle. National Sustainable Development Strategy. Report on “Green growth and employment” 600.000 new employs  The crisis reduce the extent to which environmental issues are taken into account.

16. www.1mayo.ccoo.es16 France: Social Dialogue  The most important processes of consultation with all the social partners is the Environment Grennelle. Eleven sectors committees were created in November 2009:transport, car industry, renewable energy, water-sanitation-waste-air, building, agriculture and forestry, eco-electric systems, refineries-fuel-green chemicals, tourism, maritime, biodiversity-ecological services. Three levels: State, sectors and regions.  The Unions (CGT, FO, CFDT) opinion is that the government impetus about sustainable development seems to have disappeared. There are many delays in translating into law the results of Grenelle.  Employers believes that the measures must be based more on incentives than on penalties. Tax neutrality

17. www.1mayo.ccoo.es17 Conclusions Two competing conceptions:  Incremental technological modernisation. Employers  Politically-induced rupture and replacement. Unions Intermediate positions can be found at national or sectorial level.

18. www.1mayo.ccoo.es18 Incremental technological modernisation. Step by step adaptation to a low carbon Economy:  Innovative technologies + political interventions facilitating it.  Supported from right wing Gov’t.  Social dialogue it is not necessary except in the field of training workers in new skills. Only Gov’t-employers dialogue. DO IT YOURSELF

19. www.1mayo.ccoo.es19 Politically-induced rupture and replacement Complete overhaul of given socio-economic order through far-reaching political interventions. Need of big public budget:  Supported by social democratics Gov’t and France.  Policies developed in the context of social dialogue between employers, employees and Gov’t, with a high level of institutionalization. WE DETERMINE THE FINISH LINE

20. www.1mayo.ccoo.es20 Ratio of green stimulus of national recovery packages Weight of plans to promote the green economy in OECD countries COUNTRY% GDP Korea1.47 Germany1 China0.76 Australia0.7 USA0.65 Japan0.37 Canada0.33 France0.26 Spain0.13 Italy0.09 UK0.03 OECD data

21. www.1mayo.ccoo.es21 Conclusions The effects of the crisis on national budgets and the poor results of the Copenhagen summit in 2009 have pushed the positions towards the DO IT YOURSELF conception. The most advanced Employers org. have the position that the measures to reduce climate change has to consider the median of the EU-27, 20% in 2020, without unilateral obligations. Social Dialogue has been reduced: - Delay of legal application of the Grenelle in France. - No social dialogue at national level in Italy and Sweden. - In Spain limited to a exchange of information. Many changes in LSE without it and cuts in environmental budgets. -I n Germany low continuity of general agreements during the red-green gov. and beginning of agreements without unions.

22. www.1mayo.ccoo.es22 Conclusions DO IT YORSELF policies, means no more than 20% reductions in 2020. It can't prevent increase of 2 centigrade medium temperature of the planet. WE DETERMINE THE FINISH LINE policies can promote european economy as leader in environmental products and services. March 2011: only 7 countries of UE have proposed more reductions (30% in 2020)