1. Present Perfect Review FORM: Subject + have/has + past participle

2. Present Perfect Example: She has believed in aliens since she saw the movie E.T. Meaning 1: Something that begins in the past and continues to the present (with the possibility of continuing into the future) – Use since and for, since-clauses – What kind of verbs are used in PRESENT PERFECT? – Action or Non-Action? – Usually NON-ACTION!!

3. Present Perfect: Unspecific/Unknown Time Example: He has gone to that cinema many times. Example: They have eaten at that restaurant twice. Meaning 2: Present perfect expresses an activity or situation that occurred (or did not occur) before now, at some unspecified or unknown time in the past.

4. Present Perfect Progressive FORM Subject + have/has + been + main verb + ing Example: Tony has been singing since 4pm, and it’s 6pm now! He has been singing for 2 hours! Example: He has been washing dishes for two hours. I think he is tired now.

5. Present Perfect Progressive Example: He has been washing dishes for two hours, and he’s still working hard. Meaning: How long an activity has been in progress before now. – Expresses DURATION of present activities What kind of verbs does it use? Action or Non- Action? Action!

6. REVIEW Meaning 1: Began in the past and continues to the present (and possibly into the future) He has lived in Portland since 1995. Meaning 2: Activity or situation that occurred (or did not occur), at some unspecified or unknown time in the past. They have eaten at that restaurant many times. Present Perfect Progressive: An activity that has been in progress before now, continues to the present, (and possible into the future) Susy has been running for 30 minutes already!

7. Present Perfect versus Simple Past Present Perfect – time of action is unspecific/unknown/unimportant QUESTION: WHAT PLACES HAVE YOU VISITED? Example: I have visited Paris several times. Simple Past – specific, time of action is important QUESTION: WHAT DID YOU DO IN PARIS? Example: I visited the Eiffel Tower and walked everywhere.