1. The Male Reproductive System
HUMAN SEXUALITY
The Male Reproductive System

2. Male Reproductive System
VAS DEFERENS
URINARY BLADDER
PROSTATE GLAND
SEMINAL VESICLE
COWPER’S GLAND (BULBOURETHRAL GLAND)
PENIS
EPIDIDYMIS
URETHRA
SCROTUM
TESTIS
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3. A GENERAL OVERVIEW FOR WHAT’S TO COME
Fill in the blanks….
________ occurs in the __________ producing sperm with 23 ___________. Each human sperm cell has ________ parts – a head, a middle region, and a _________. The acrosome at the tip of the head enables sperm to _____________ the _______. The middle region contains the ______________, which produce energy. The tail, a long and slender ________, moves the sperm.
MEIOSIS
TESTES
CHROMOSOMES 3
TAIL
PENETRATE
EGG
MITOCHONDRIA
FLAGELLUM

4. Fill in the blanks cont…..
The testes are housed in the ____________. From the testes, sperm passes through the _________, which is a storage and maturation area, to the _______________ where they are housed until delivery. The __________ at the base of the urethra secretes a fluid that has a stimulating effect on the sperm. During intercourse, they travel to the ________________, where the reproductive and urinary tracts join, emptying through the ___________. An adult male produces _________ continuously, several hundred million each day of his life. Those that are not ejaculated from the body are _____________ in a continual cycle of renewal.
SCROTUM
EPIDIDYMIS
VAS DEFERENS
PROSTATE GLAND
URETHRA
PENIS
SPERM
REABSORBED

5. Human Male Testis EPIDIDYMIS VAS DEFERENS (ductus deferens)
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULE
Main Diagram

6. H U M A N M A L E S P E R M ACROSOME NUCLEUS (with 23 chromosomes)
MITOCHONDRIA
BODY
TAIL

7. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Major function is to produce a sperm cell
Are not produced until the male reaches puberty
PITUITARY GLAND
Secretes a hormone to signal the testes to produce testosterone
Testosterone causes the testes to begin producing sperm

8. EXTERNAL MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS
SCROTUM
ANATOMY
Sac that hangs outside the body
Holds the testes
Changes to the color and texture take place as the male ages

9. External Male Repro. Cont…
FUNCTION
Protect testes
Keeps testes at proper temperature for spermatogenesis
Spermatogenesis – producing sperm cells
Testes need to be 3-4 F lower than normal body temp. (98.6F)
As body temp. rises, muscles of the scrotum lower the testes away from the body
As body temp. drops, muscles of the scrotum contract to pull the testes in close to the body.

10. TESTES ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Seminiferous Tubules
Long series of thread-like tubes packed in testes
Approximately 1000 tubes, each about 1-3 feet long
Capable of producing billions of sperm
Produce about 500 million or more each day

11. Sperm Cell… 1. 2. 3. Consists of 3 parts 1. Head 2. Middle Region
Contains 23 chromosomes
Acrosome – tip of head; contains enzymes
enabling sperm to penetrate the egg
2. Middle Region
Contains mitochondria which produce energy
3. Tail
Moves/propels the sperm 1. 2. 3.

12. Testes A & P cont…. Epididymis “over the testis”
Highly coiled structure located on the backside of each testis
Approximately 20’ in length
Stores newly produced sperm
Sperm continue to & finish maturing here
64 days for sperm maturation

13. External Male Reproductive System Cont….
Penis
Tube-like organ that functions both in sexual reproduction as well as elimination of body wastes
Flaccid –
(“FLA-ssid”); normal state of the penis
Soft and hangs down from the front of the body
3 long cylinders of spongy tissue
Rich supply of blood vessels and nerves
Erect – blood fills the spaces to make the penis enlarged & hard
Erections result entirely from blood flow
PENIS

14. What can cause an erection?
Boys get erections for all kinds of reasons – they might happen if you :
Are thinking about something sexual
When you wake in the morning and have to pee
When you are relaxed
When you are anxious or frightened
For no reason at all

15. ERECTIONS & EJACULATIONS
Boys get their first erections before they are born!
All males can have an
erection (regardless of age!)
In order for semen to leave the penis, it must be erect

16. erections & ejaculations cont…
HOWEVER ! ! ! !
Because the penis is erect, it does NOT mean semen must leave the penis
It will return to the flaccid state without ejaculation

17. process of an erection cont…
If no ejaculation occurs….
The erection will go away; possibly leaving the male with some discomfort  which also will subside
IS NOT HARMFUL TO THE MALE IN ANY WAY!

18. INTERNAL MALE cont… SEMEN Composed of… 1. sperm from vas deferens
2. fluid (to nourish sperm) from seminal vesicle
3. fluid (milky, protects sperm) from prostate gland
4. fluid (clear & sticky, cleans urethra) from cowper’s gland

19. INTERNAL MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
VAS DEFERENS
2 long tubes (18”) that connects
the epididymis w/urethra
Receive mature sperm from
epididymis.
Lined with cilia to help move sperm through tube
Loops over the pubic bone, around the bladder, and through the prostate
VAS DEFERENS

20. INTERNAL MALE cont… SEMINAL VESICLES
2 little pouches just above and on
either side of the prostate gland
Secrete fluid that mixes with sperm.
Helps make the sperm mobile
Provides nourishment to the sperm
SEMINAL VESICLE

21. INTERNAL MALE cont… PROSTATE GLAND
Lies just below the bladder & surrounds the urethra
Secretes a milky, alkaline (base) fluid that mixes with sperm
Major portion of semen
Helps protect sperm by neutralizes acidity of urethra & vagina of female
PROSTATE GLAND

22. INTERNAL MALE cont… COWPER’S GLAND
2 pea-sized glands, lie just below the prostate and open into urethra
Secrete a clear, sticky fluid
Cleanses the urethra of acid from urine
Some may be released before semen is released
This ejaculate may contain some sperm! Which can cause pregnancy
COWPER’S GLAND

23. INTERNAL MALE cont… URETHRA
Tube-like organ that travels through the penis
Passageway for semen and urine
Can sperm & urine come out at the same time - ?
NO! muscles surround the urethra at the base of the bladder
Muscles contract to close off the bladder if penis is erect/ejaculation is about to occur
Urine cannot leave through the urethra when semen is leaving the body
URETHRA

24. CIRCUMCISION FORESKIN – CIRCUMCISION –
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FORESKIN –
Male babies are born with a fold of skin that covers the end of the penis.
CIRCUMCISION –
Surgical removal of the foreskin
Not necessary for health reasons  customary tradition
Forceps grasp foreskin and clips it down to the initial incision
sutures (stitches) the top edge of the skin that covers the penis and the mucus membrane
Surgeon makes an incision around the foreskin

25. MALE REPRODUCTIVE CONCERNS
What’s Happening?

26. NOCTURNAL EMISSION
at the start of puberty, hormones cause the glands to begin producing fluids
Fluids build up in reproductive system
While asleep, penis becomes erect and male ejaculates
No warning, uncontrollable
May or may not be accompanied by a dream  perfectly normal

27. HERNIA
Pushing of a part of the body through the muscle wall normally keeping it in
Can occur in various parts of the body
INGUINAL HERNIA
Weak spot in the abdominal wall near the top of the scrotum
Straining of the abdominal muscles can cause a tear at this weak spot
Part of the intestine can push through into the scrotum
Correctable with surgery
Video

28. STERILITY
Sperm of the male is weak, malformed, sparse or nonexistent, or unable to join an ovum (egg)
CAUSES
Temperature changes
Exposure to certain chemicals
Smoking
Mumps as an adult
Untreated STDs
Epididymis, vas deferens, or urethra not working correctly

29. TESTICULAR CANCER
1% of cancers in all men; most common cancer in men ages 15-34
SIGNS
Slight enlargement of one of the testes and a change in its consistency
Small hard lump in the testicle
Collection of blood or fluid in scrotum
Possibly no pain
Dull ache in the lower abdomen and groin
Dragging or heaviness feeling

30. TESTICULAR CANCER CONT…
Undescended or partially descended testicles are at a higher risk of developing cancer
The testicles usually move down into the scrotum just before or just after birth. An undescended testicle is one that did not move down into the scrotum.
WHY COULD THIS BE A PROBLEM????
THINK TEMPERATURE
Surgery at an early age can correct the problem

31. PROSTATE PROBLEMS CONT…
PROSTATE CANCER
Most common cancer in men after lung cancer
Cancers usually occur in older men
SIGNS
Often no early symptoms
Frequent urination
Difficulty urinating
Pain or burning when urinating
Blood in urine
Lingering pain in back, hips, or pelvis
Preventable by doctor visits
DRE – “digital rectal exam”

32. MALE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
UNCIRCUMCISED PENIS
Collection of dead cells and glandular secretions may get trapped under fold of skin = smegma
Perfect environment for bacteria to grow and cause infections
Pull foreskin back to cleanse area
TESTICULAR SELF-EXAMINATION
3-minute monthly exam
During or after warm bath – scrotum is relaxed and away from body
Check for hard lumps or nodules (like a popcorn kernel or BB)
GUEST SPEAKER FOR BOYS ON 2/5

33. TENTATIVE SCHEDULE REST OF TODAY WEDNESDAY
REVIEW FOR TEST (CROSSWORDS - DUE TOMORROW)
NEED TO BE ABLE TO LABEL 3 DIAGRAMS
KNOW THE 4 COMPONENTS OF SEMEN
BE AWARE OF THE FUNCTIONS OF ALL ORGANS
WEDNESDAY
TEST