1. Male Reproductive System
Ms. Kehoe
9th Grade Health

2. Penis:
- External organ that functions in sexual reproduction, sexual pleasure and elimination of body waste.
Made up of 3 cylinder like spongy tissues. When the penis fills with blood it causes the penis to become firm, enlarged and erect.
This is called an erection.
The penis is neither a muscle nor a bone. Erections result entirely from blood flow.
- When a male goes through puberty, hormones cause the penis to become more sensitive, and the male will begin to have erections more.

3. Penis Cont. Why is this surgery done?
-In order for semen to leave the penis, the penis must be erect.
-The release of semen is called ejaculation.
Urethra: tube coming from the bladder going through the penis. Both semen and urine travel through the urethra but not at the same time.
Glans penis (head)s is at the end of the penis. It is covered by a thin sensitive tissue.
Foreskin is the loose fold of skin the covers the Glans Penis.
Circumcision is the surgical removal of the foreskin
Why is this surgery done?

6. The Scrotum:
-Loose bag of skin that is outside the males body that holds the testes in place. -Regulates the temperature of the testes. Why is the scrotum an important function? -Provides protection from disease and the elements. -During puberty it will grow, become darker, will be covered with fine pubic hair and becomes wrinkled.

7. The Testes:
2 oval shaped organs that are made up of 1000’s of threadlike structures called Seminiferous tubules. They are tightly packed tubes inside each testis.
Seminiferous tubules produce sperm cells by the millions each day and billions in a mans life time.
Cells in the testes also produce testosterone that changes a boy into a man.
When their combined length is put together they stretch several hundred yards.
During fetal development the testes are inside the males body and lower 2 months before birth.
Testes must be slightly lower than body temperature to produce sperm cells.

9. Sperm Cells: There are 3 parts to a sperm cell.
Head that contains the nucleus. Only the head of the sperm cell unites with the egg cell.
Neck or connecting piece.
Tail which is its guiding mechanism.
The sperm may live 4 plus or minus days inside the female.
20% of the sperm cells may be deformed or unable to fertilize an egg. Sperm count has been slowly decreasing.
Up to 500 million sperm cells may be released during one ejaculation.
Sperm cells are about 5% of the fluid found in semen.
100,000 sperm cells can fit on the head of a pin.
Why would a pin hole in a condom be a problem?

10. Epididymis:
A coiled like tube about 15 to 20 feet long found at the upper back side of the testes closest to the males body.
Sperm cells are temporarily stored in the epididymis where they mature. It takes 6 to 8 weeks for sperm to mature.
A nerve response tells the epididymis to release the sperm cells when the male reaches orgasm, climax or sexual peak.
It is possible for the male to have an erection and not ejaculate. “Blue balls” when the male is close to orgasm but does not ejaculate is not harmful to the man.
The sperm cells go from the epididymis into the Vas Deferens.
The man can feel the epididymis on the back of his testes

12. Vas Deferens: The Vas Deferens is also called the sperm duct .
It is a tube coming from the epididymis going up into the
Males body around the bladder where it meets the Prostate Gland.
The sperm then enter the ejaculatory duct inside the Prostate gland.
The male has two Vas Deferens.
The sperm move through the Vas Deferens by the movement of cilia (small hair like structures) and muscle contractions.
The Vas deferens is between 14 to 18 inches in length

14. Seminal Vesicles & Prostate Gland:
The male has two seminal vesicles that releases a mucus like substance that provides nourishment which enables the sperm cells to live inside the females body.
Sperm cells can go into the seminal vesicles from a previous ejaculation.
The Prostate Gland is just below the bladder and is the size of a chestnut. It releases fluids that combine with the sperm cells and seminal fluid and is called semen.
The Prostate Gland fluids have a base or alkaline that neutralizes the acid environment inside the female and allows them to move and live.

17. The Cowper’s Glands
Cowper's Glands are also called the pre-ejaculatory ducts and release cowper’s fluids or
pre-ejaculatory fluids.
They release their fluid before the male ejaculates and it cleans and lubricates the urethra.
The male does not have control over the release of cowper’s fluids.
Sperm may enter Cowper’s Glands causing accidental pregnancy if the couple is not using birth control before there is any contact between the penis and vulva.

18. Bladder, Rectum and Anus:
The Bladder, Rectum and Anus have no reproductive role in the male.
A valve at the base of the Bladder closes when the male reaches orgasm preventing urine and semen from mixing during ejaculation.
The rectum is the last portion of the large intestine where solid waste is stored.

21. Concerns of the Male Reproductive System:
Hernia
When a body part pushes through the structure that is holding it in.
Inguinal Hernia is when a portion of the intestines pushes through an abnormal opening or weakening of the abdominal wall and into the groin or scrotum . The intestines can go into the scrotal sac.
Sterility
Sperm of the males is weak, malformed, sparse or nonexistent.
Common causes - Temp changes, smoking, untreated STD, faulty operation of other reproductive organs
Undescended or Partially Descended Testicle:
when a testicle does not lower into the scrotal sac or does not lower all the way – termed pre-cancerous and may be removed.
Testicular torsion
Even a mild injury to the testicles can cause severe pain, bruising, or swelling. Most testicular injuries occur when the testicles are struck, hit, kicked, or crushed, usually during sports or due to other trauma. Testicular torsion (when one of the testicles twists around, cutting off the blood supply.

22. Concerns Cont. Nocturnal Emission (wet dreams) Testicular Cancer
The releasing of semen during sleep is normal. The male is producing hormones and this is the bodies way adjusting to these changes during sleep. He may get erection that may or may not be related to what he may be dreaming. It is normal to or not to have these emissions.
Testicular Cancer
This is one of the most common cancers in men under 30 years old. It occurs when cells in the testicle divide abnormally and form a tumor. If it's detected early, the cure rate is excellent. All guys should perform testicular self-examinations regularly to help with early detection. Check for lumps, change is size or consistency of one of the testes, fluid or blood in the scrotum, and pain or ache in the lower abdominal and groin.
Problems of Prostate
Increase in size can block urethra and bladder causing frequent urination, pain or discomfort, blood in the urine. Only prevention is an exam by a doctor. 50% of the men over 50 will have some kind of problem with their prostate gland. Prostate cancer is the second most common form of cancer in men after lung cancer. Signs are frequent or painful urination, blood in the urine.